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以河北坝上砂质栗钙土农田土壤为对象,研究了垄沟覆膜、化肥用量及聚土措施对小南瓜生物量及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:覆膜及改土处理间小南瓜鲜、干生物产量(成熟期小南瓜和茎叶的鲜、干重之和)差异显著(P<0.05)。垄、沟覆膜下,聚土处理可使小南瓜干生物量增加1.65%~67.87%。施肥和聚土措施增加了土体有效氮素总量和植株吸氮量,但降低了单位氮素的产出效率,氮素利用效率(NUE)和氮素生理效率(NPE)均以垄膜无肥(R1)处理最高,无肥处理平均比施肥处理NPE(瓜)高42.17 kg kg-1N。垄膜条件下,氮(肥料)响应度平均为11.27 kg kg-1N,而沟膜处理的氮响应度均值达到了21.91 kg kg-1N,比垄膜处理每1 kg肥料氮多生产小南瓜10.65 kg,表明沟覆膜能较好地促进小南瓜对肥料氮的吸收利用。以沟膜结合聚40 cm熟土和施肥处理所获产量最高,达到9812.5 kg hm-2。
Taking the soil of sandy chestnut soil in Hebei dam as object, the effects of film mulching with furrow, chemical fertilizer amount and soil aggregates on biomass and nitrogen uptake and utilization of small pumpkin were studied. The results showed that the fresh and dry biomass (the sum of the fresh and dry weight of small squash and stems and leaves at maturity) was significantly different (P <0.05). Ridges, ditch under the film, soil treatment can increase the dry weight of small pumpkin 1.65% ~ 67.87%. Fertilization and soil aggregates increased the total effective nitrogen and nitrogen uptake of soil, but decreased the yield of unit N, and the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE) The highest treatment without fertilizer (R1) was 42.17 kg kg-1N higher than the NPE (fertilization treatment) on average. Under the condition of ridge film, the average response rate of nitrogen (fertilizer) was 11.27 kg kg-1N, while that of furrow film treatment reached 21.91 kg kg-1N, which was 10.65 kg, indicating that ditch film can better promote the absorption and utilization of fertilizer nitrogen by small pumpkin. The highest yield reached 9812.5 kg hm-2 with the combination of ditch film and poly-40 cm cooked soil and fertilization.