失效分析是近20年发展起来的,这是一种搞清机械装置或另件不能达到予期功能的原因,并提出改进措施防止失效,提高可靠性的一种科学方法。[1]虽然失效分析成为一门学科的历史还不长,但是通过许多灾难性事故的历史教训,使人们早已认识到失效分析对提高产品质量的重要性,并且通过失效分析促进了许多新的学科的形成。例如。十九世纪中期, Failure analysis has developed over the past two decades as a way to understand the failure of mechanical devices or components to achieve the expected functions and to propose a scientific method of improving measures to prevent failures and improve reliability. Although the history of failure analysis as a discipline has not been long, historic lessons from many catastrophic events have led to the long-established recognition of the importance of failure analysis to improve product quality and the promotion of many new The formation of disciplines. E.g. In the mid-nineteenth century,