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有专家指出,“十一五”中国经济将直面以下五大挑战：一是资源成为发展瓶颈；二是自主创新能力不强；三是区域经济发展不平衡；四是农民增收空间有限；五是外部制约因素增加。仅就自主创新能力而言,迄今,我国近2/3的大中型企业还没有研究开发机构,近一半的大中型企业还未开展技术开发活动。我国每年3万多项科技成果的转化率不到30%,最后形成工业的不到 10%。2005年上半年,我国工业企业实现利润增幅比2004年同期回落 22．5个百分点,同时亏损企业亏损额上升幅度比2004年同期提高 57．8个百分点,创1999年以来最高水平。权威人士指出,许多企业缺乏自主创新能力,低端产品比重较大,难以适应成本上升和市场需求变化。
Some experts pointed out that the “Eleventh Five-Year” China’s economy will face the following five challenges: First, resources have become bottlenecks in development; Second, the capability of independent innovation is not strong; Third, imbalanced development of regional economy; Fourth, limited space for farmers to increase their income; Fifth, external Constraints increase. In terms of independent innovation capability, up to now, nearly two-thirds of China’s large and medium-sized enterprises do not yet have research and development institutions, and nearly half of medium and large-sized enterprises have not yet started their technological development activities. The annual conversion rate of more than 30,000 scientific and technological achievements in our country is less than 30%, and in the end less than 10% of industries are formed. In the first half of 2005, the profit growth of China’s industrial enterprises dropped by 22.5 percentage points over the same period of 2004, while that of loss-making enterprises increased by 57.8 percentage points over the same period of 2004, the highest level since 1999. Authorities pointed out that many enterprises lack the ability of independent innovation, low-end products, a larger proportion of difficult to adapt to rising costs and changes in market demand.