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病毒危险 1991年以来,医学界将注意力集中在所谓的能传播病毒疾病的输血恐惧症之上。这些疾病未全部反映输血的危险。残留病毒危险是指在供者人群中未能检出通过血液或血液制品传播的病毒。该危险与供者人群中病毒流行率、窗口期长短、筛检方法的灵敏度有关。HBV是第一号输血传播病毒(1/30,000～250,000输注的血液单位),但输血传播的病毒疾病主要为HCV。HIV感染的残留病毒危险在1/200,000～2,000,000单位血液这个范围。另外还存在传播非传统病毒(克-雅氏病毒)的危险,但无确切数据用以评估。其它危险:潜在的严重的输血后并发症并不局限于传播病毒。所有的输血能引起细胞污染、内毒素休克、循环超负荷,白细胞抗体同种免疫等危险。现在多数较为严重的输血危险是由ABO错误或其它
Viral danger Since 1991, the medical community has focused its attention on so-called transfusion phobias that can spread viral diseases. These diseases do not all reflect the risk of blood transfusions. Residual virus risk refers to the failure to detect in the donor population the virus transmitted by blood or blood products. The risk is related to the prevalence of the virus in the donor population, the length of the window, and the sensitivity of the screening method. HBV is the first transfusion-transmitted virus (1 in 30,000 to 250,000 infused blood units), but the major viral disease transmitted by transfusion is HCV. Residual HIV infection risk is in the range of 1 / 200,000 to 2,000,000 units of blood. There is also a risk of spreading non-traditional viruses (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease), but no precise data are available for evaluation. Other dangers: Potentially serious post-transfusion complications are not limited to the spread of the virus. All transfusions can cause cell contamination, endotoxic shock, circulatory overload, leukocyte antibody alloimmunization and other risks. Most of the more serious blood transfusions now are caused by ABO errors or others