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为了探讨修复微污染河水的潜流湿地中植物对污染物去除效果的影响及其生长变化,在野外条件下构建2座分别栽种菖蒲和空心菜的水平潜流人工湿地,并以未栽种植物的湿地作空白。分析了湿地中污染物的去除效果,考察了湿地中植物的生物量、根系活力和氮磷含量的变化。植物湿地中污染物净化效果优于空白湿地,菖蒲和空心菜湿地对氨氮(NH+4-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)的平均去除率分别为61.1%和57.5%,31.5%和39.7%,24.7%和25.5%,20.4%和20.7%。实验结果表明,湿地中菖蒲的根系鲜重是空心菜的4.2倍,但其根系活力低于空心菜。2种植物均可在湿地中正常生长,但受湿地中营养盐浓度的限制性影响,移栽后的植物组织氮磷含量与移栽前相比下降了11.8%~20.3%。植物在净化微污染河水的潜流人工湿地中对N、P的去除起重要作用。
In order to investigate the effect of plants in sub-flow wetland remediation of micro-polluted water on pollutant removal and their growth changes, two horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with iris and water spinach were constructed under field conditions and blank plants were constructed . The removal effect of pollutants in wetland was analyzed. The changes of biomass, root activity and nitrogen and phosphorus content in wetland were investigated. The removal efficiency of pollutants in plant wetland was better than that in blank wetland. The average removal rates of ammonia nitrogen (NH + 4-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and permanganate index 61.1% and 57.5%, 31.5% and 39.7%, 24.7% and 25.5%, 20.4% and 20.7% respectively. The experimental results showed that the fresh weight of iris root in wetland was 4.2 times as that of asparagus, but its root activity was lower than that of the asparagus. Both plants could grow normally in the wetland. However, due to the limited nutrient concentration in the wetland, the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant tissue after transplanting decreased by 11.8% -20.3% compared with that before transplanting. Plants play an important role in the removal of N and P in under-flow constructed wetlands that purify micro-polluted rivers.