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由农转工,资源用途的改变大幅度地提高了其使用效率;价格制度替代计划经济制度,大幅度地降低了交易费用;综合起来,造成了中国经济持续30年的高速增长。这种双重转变带来了一个有趣的问题,在中国社会迅速普及的大规模制造的工业知识和大范围长程交换的契约知识是从何而来的呢?本文从知识的视角,对中国30年的发展作了一个梗概分析:外资企业(或其活动)是外源知识最完整的载体,中国通过引入外资企业,引入了多个来源地的外源知识;加上温州等一些很特别的地区积累的内源知识,使中国社会转型的知识来源种类非常丰富。20世纪80年代开始,大量繁殖的新企业找到了一条成本极低的知识传播途径,即把知识传播活动与生产经营活动统一,从而使加工知识和交易知识在广大的人群中普及,以至于五亿农业劳动力能通过这一途径更新自己的知识体系。正是知识普及大幅度地降低了生产成本和交易费用。如果不是加工知识和交易知识在如此广大的人群中普及,中国制成品不可能如此廉价。
The shift from farm laborers to resource use has greatly improved their efficiency of use. The replacement of the planned economy by the price system has drastically reduced the transaction costs. On the whole, it has caused the rapid economic growth of China for 30 years. This double transformation has brought an interesting question. What is the origination of the mass-produced industrial knowledge and the long-range exchange contractual knowledge which are rapidly popularized in Chinese society? This article, from the perspective of knowledge, (Or its activities) is the most complete carrier of exogenous knowledge. Through the introduction of foreign-funded enterprises, China has introduced exogenous knowledge from multiple sources; together with some very special areas such as Wenzhou Accumulation of endogenous knowledge, so that China’s social transformation of the sources of knowledge is very rich. Beginning in the 1980s, the new enterprises that breed in a large scale found a way of knowledge transmission with a very low cost, that is, unifying the knowledge dissemination activities with the production and business activities so as to make the processing knowledge and transaction knowledge popularize among the broad masses of people, One hundred million agricultural laborers can update their own knowledge system in this way. It is the popularization of knowledge that drastically reduces production costs and transaction costs. If not processing knowledge and transaction knowledge in such a large population popularity, Chinese finished products can not be so cheap.