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发展经济学家一直致力于使经济科学能增加全球发展中国家经济增长和减缓贫困的机会。这也是世界银行1998年4月在华盛顿召开的第十届发展经济学年会的中心议题。正是由于这一基本目的,经济发展的热点问题就是发展经济学研究的热点问题。随着全球经济实践的变化,当前发展经济学研究主要集中于以下对发展中国家具有重要影响作用的金融自由化、竞争和规则、种族多样性以及地理区位等四个热点问题。金融自由化的教训金融自由化曾被认为是国际金融发展的潮流。许多国家一直努力把他们的资本市场自由化。但是,自由化并不总是有利的。托宾(James To-bin)认为金融自由化的确有助于发展中国家的经济发展,但这种趋势也破坏了发展中国家,特别是那些实施固定汇率的国家的货币主权。斯蒂格里茨(JosephE.Stiglitz)也指出,虽然自由和竞争是资本主义经济的基础,但东亚危机表明,金融过度自由化会加重金融市场失灵。
Development economists have been devoted to making economic sciences an opportunity to increase the economic growth and poverty alleviation of the developing countries in the world. This is also the central theme of the Tenth Annual Conference on the Development Economics held by the World Bank in Washington in April 1998. It is for this basic purpose that the hot issue of economic development is the hot issue in the study of development economics. With the change of global economic practice, the current study of development economics mainly focuses on the following four hot issues such as financial liberalization, competition and rules, ethnic diversity and geographical location that have an important impact on developing countries. Lessons from Financial Liberalization Financial liberalization was once considered the trend of international financial development. Many countries have been trying to liberalize their capital markets. However, liberalization is not always beneficial. James To-bin believes that financial liberalization does contribute to the economic development of developing countries. However, this trend has also undermined the monetary sovereignty of developing countries, especially those that implement fixed exchange rates. Joseph E. Stiglitz also pointed out that while freedom and competition are the cornerstones of a capitalist economy, the crisis in East Asia shows that over-liberalization of finance aggravates financial market failures.