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从普通小麦Fukuho与冰草(Agropyron cristatum,2n=4x=28,PPPP)Z559的衍生系中发现3558-2具有小穗数、小穗粒数和穗粒数多的优异性状。为了揭示衍生系3558-2优异性状的遗传特征,本研究对其与小麦品种京4841间的282个F2单株的穗长、小穗数、小穗粒数、穗粒数等穗部相关性状进行了遗传分析和QTL定位。主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析结果显示小麦穗部相关性状都符合数量性状特征。利用单标记分析将穗部相关性状的QTL主要定位于小麦1A染色体上,同时发现在小麦的2A、5B和5D染色体上也有QTL分布。通过加密标记重点构建了1A染色体短臂的遗传连锁图,利用复合区间作图法解析了小麦1AS染色体上的穗部相关性状的QTL效应,发现在1A染色体上存在与穗长、小穗数、小穗粒数和穗粒数相关的重要QTL各1个,解释变异度分别为14.41%、5.15%、14.84%和10.87%。本研究发现在3558-2的1AS染色体上成簇分布着涉及穗长、小穗数、小穗粒数和穗粒数重要性状的QTL,这一结果对指导进一步研究与利用3558-2具有重要意义。
From the derivative lines of common wheat Fukuho and Agropyron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, PPPP) Z559, it was found that 3558-2 had excellent traits such as spikelet number, spikelet number per spike and spike number per spike. In order to reveal the genetic characteristics of the excellent characters of derivative line 3558-2, we studied the correlation between panicle length, number of spikelets, number of spikelets per panicle, number of spikelets per panicle in 282 F2 plants of Jing 4841 wheat cultivars Genetic analysis and QTL mapping were performed. Analysis of major gene + polygene mixed genetic model showed that the ear-related traits of wheat all fit quantitative traits. QTLs for panicle related traits were mainly located on chromosome 1A of wheat using single-marker analysis, and QTLs were also found on chromosomes 2A, 5B and 5D of wheat. The genetic linkage map of short arm of chromosome 1A was constructed by using the encrypted marker, and the QTL effect of panicle-associated trait on wheat chromosome 1AS was analyzed by compound interval mapping. There were one important QTL related to spikelet number and spike number per spike, the explanatory variance was 14.41%, 5.15%, 14.84% and 10.87% respectively. In this study, we found that there are clusters of QAS related to the spike length, number of spikelets, number of spikelets and number of spikelets per panicle in 1AS chromosome of 3558-2. This result is of great importance to guide further study and utilization of 3558-2 significance.