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历史主义是贯穿于福柯的社会学—历史学专著《规训与惩罚——监狱的诞生》的一条主要线条。这部书向我们表明了这样一种历史进程:进入现代以来,权力以更为精细的算计和控制技术把人作为对象,逐步将肉体改造为更有效的工具,进入理性所精心布置好的轨道。和马克思一样,福柯极其重视物质力量的历史作用,重视历史中的政治权力问题,把视点集中于现代社会,但与马克思主义的历史唯物主义相比,这一理论不相信进步,不相信必然性、普遍性,从未为人类未来指明方向,显示了巨大差异。
Historicism is a major line of sociology that runs through Foucault - the discipline of history, “Discipline and Punishment - The Birth of Prisons.” This book shows us such a historical process: since entering the modern age, power has transformed people into more effective tools with more elaborate calculation and control techniques as objects and into rational orchestrated orbits . Like Marx, Foucault pays the utmost attention to the historical role of material power, pays attention to the issue of political power in history, and focuses its attention on modern society. However, compared with Marxist historical materialism, this theory does not believe in progress and does not believe in necessity , Universality, never pointed out the direction for the future of mankind, showing a huge difference.