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为给大麦杂交亲本的选配提供依据,2002-2003年以5个开颖品种(黄长芒大麦、沪1154、1430R、99-7122、扬0187)和1个闭颖品种(91单2)为亲本,采用62完全双列设计配制杂种F1,同时将5个开颖品种与另一闭颖品种84161配制正反交F1,研究了大麦开颖性状的杂种优势和配合力。结果表明:(1)6个亲本完全双列杂交的F1与双亲比较,大部分组合的开颖角度在中亲和低亲值之间,46.7%的杂种F1的开颖角度具有负向显著离中亲优势,说明大麦开颖角度的杂种优势不明显。(2)亲本的开颖角度越大,其一般配合力效应越高。5个开颖亲本中,黄长芒大麦的一般配合力最大,特殊配合力方差也大,是一个较好的开颖亲本。(3)亲子回归及相关分析表明,F1与中亲的回归和相关系数均较大,开颖角度中亲值提高1°,F1将提高1.4°,开颖亲本的开颖效应越大,后代越偏向于开颖特性;闭颖亲本的闭颖效应越大,后代的开颖角度越易减小。(4)根据2个闭颖亲本分别与5个开颖亲本相互杂交F1的比较,发现杂种F1的开颖角度与开颖亲本的开颖特性有关,也与闭颖亲本的遗传背景有关。
In order to provide a basis for the selection of the parents of barley hybrids, five open-type cultivars (Huangchangmang barley, Shanghai 1154,1430R, 99-7122, Yang 0187) and one closed type (91-2) As the parent, the hybrid F1 was designed by 62 complete double-row design. At the same time, five open-type varieties and another closed-type variety 84161 were used to formulate F1 and F1 hybrids to study the heterosis and combining ability of barley open-traits. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the parents, the openness of most combinations of F1 in 6 parents was double in the mid-progenies and low in the parents, while the openness of 46.7% In the pro-dominant, indicating that the barley breadth of the hybrid advantage is not obvious. (2) The larger the parental perspective, the higher the general combining ability. Among the 5 open parents, barley had the largest general combining ability and the special combining ability. It also had a good open parent. (3) The parent-child regression and correlation analysis showed that the regression coefficients and the correlation coefficients between F1 and the pro-parents were both higher, and the pro-value increased by 1 ° in open-angle and F1 increased by 1.4 °. The more inclined to open the Ying characteristics; closed Ying parent the greater the Ying effect, the easier the offspring of open angle to reduce. (4) According to the comparison of F1 hybrids between two closed parents and five open parents respectively, it was found that the openness angle of hybrid F1 was related to the opening characteristics of open parents and also to the genetic background of closed parents.