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20世纪50年代,包括半导体物理学、粒子物理学和核物理学等在内的物质科学继续发展,推动了通信技术和航天技术的巨大进步:晶体管计算机出现,和平利用核能;而人造卫星上天,标志着空间时代的开始。同时,遗传物质DNA双螺旋模型的建立,则标志着分子生物学的崛起,把遗传学和生物学从细胞水平提高到分子水平,使生命科学迅速成为科学发展的前沿阵地。50年代新中国的科技发展也取得了重大成就。1954年钱学森出版了《工程控制论》,1956年华罗庚在复变函数论上取得成果、吴文俊在拓扑学上取得成果,1957年汤飞凡分离培养出沙眼衣原体,1958年我国第一座原子反应堆建成,1959年我国在陆相成油理论指导下找到了大庆油田,摘掉了中国“贫油国”的帽子。
The continued development of material sciences, including semiconductor physics, particle physics and nuclear physics, in the 1950s led to tremendous advances in communications and space technology: the advent of transistor computers and the peaceful use of nuclear energy; and the advent of artificial satellites in the sky, Marks the beginning of the space age. At the same time, the establishment of the genetic material DNA double helix model marks the rise of molecular biology, raising the level of genetics and biology from the cell level to the molecular level, making life science rapidly the forefront of scientific development. The development of science and technology in new China in the 1950s also made great achievements. In 1954, Qian Xuesen published “Engineering Control Theory”. In 1956, Hua Luogeng made achievements in the theory of complex functions. Wu Wenjun achieved topological achievements. In 1957, Tang Feifan separated and cultivated Chlamydia trachomatis. In 1958, China built the first atomic reactor, In 1959, under the guidance of the theory of continental oil, our country found the Daqing Oilfield and removed the hat of the “lean country” in China.