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The development of last instar Helicoverpa armigera prothoracic glands was investigated first; then the effects on the prothoracic glands of Helicoverpa armigera was studied by injection with calyx fluid and polydnavirus (PDV) from the endoparasitoid Campoletis chlorideae. Results showed that 3 female equivalents of calyx fluid or 4 female equivalents of PDV induced degeneration of host prothoracic glands. 24 h after calyx fluid or PDV injection the ultrastructure of the gland cells showed a significant decrease in intercellular channel system, while an increase in the number of round mitochondria, lysosomes and whorled figures, the organelle of some cells has degenerated and only organelle debris remained in the cells. These results suggest that calyx fluid or PDV cause the inactivation and degeneration of host prothoracic glands.