中国近代向西方学习的过程,有一个挨打之后,进步,退步,再进步的周期一段时间以来,历史学界的时髦是反思以费正清为首的“冲击-回应”模式。我从一个外行的角度,却觉得离开了这个模式,可能是无法理解晚清以来从精英到大众在“三千年未有之大变局”压力之下的种种行为和表现的。各种“后现代”、“多中心”的论点,从学术推陈出新的角度也许是贡献,但对于 In modern China, the process of learning from the West has a cycle of progress, retreat and progress after it was beaten up. For some time now, the trendsetter of history has been to reflect on the “impact-response” model headed by Fei Zhengqing. From an outsider’s point of view, I feel that leaving this model may not be able to understand the behavior and performance of the elite to the general public under the pressure of “three thousand years of great change” since the late Qing dynasty. The arguments of “postmodernism,” “multi-centerness,” may contribute from an academic perspective,