Amphibians play a key role in structuring biological assemblages of agricultural landscapes,but they are threatened by global agricultural intensification.Landscape structure is an important variable influencing biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.However,in the Yangtze River Delta,where a “farmland-orchard-fishpond” agricultural pattern is common,the effects of landscape con-struction on anuran populations are unclear.In this study,we examined the effects of agricultural landscape parameters on the abundance and body condition of the rice frog(Fejervarya multi-striata),which is a dominant anuran species in farmland in China.Employing a visual encounter method,we surveyed rice frog abundance for 3years across 20 agricultural landscapes.We also calculated the body condition index(BCI)of 188 male frog individuals from these agricultural land-scapes.Landscape variables,comprising landscape compositional heterogeneity(using the Shannon diversity index of all land cover types except buildings and roads),landscape configurational hetero-geneity(using landscape edge density),breeding habitat diversity(using the number of 5 waterbody types available as breeding habitats),and areas of forest were also measured for each 1-km radius landscape.We found that the amount of forest in each agricultural landscape had a significant positive relationship with rice frog abundance,and breeding habitat diversity was positively related to the BCI of male rice frogs.However,body condition was negatively impacted by landscape config-urational heterogeneity.Our results suggested the importance of nonagricultural habitats in agricul-tural landscapes,such as waterbodies and forest,to benefit rice frog population persistence.