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哲学是彻底的追问,它的任务就是对一些特定的活动、行为或者一整套信念的基础性假设进行质疑。在这样做的过程中,哲学的追问必须努力勾画出一个问题,并且发展出一种解决这个问题的方法来。然而,为了忠实于自己的意图,哲学必须既能够探究它要追问的客体本身,又要有能力探究哲学自身进行质疑的方法。为了完成这一任务,需要哲学不仅能与其想要质疑的假设保持一定的距离,而且也需要与哲学自身的假设保持一定的距离,也就是说,哲学必须能够对自己的研究方法提出质疑。这种自反性要求任何特定的哲学研究必须从另一种具有优势的立场上进行探究。由于要去质疑的种种假设深深地植根于一种特定的文化之中,因此仅有内在批判是不充分的。跳出这些文化的种种预设的边界线的唯一方法就是要从另一种具有优势的文化哲学传统的立场上来思考特定的问题。因此,我认为,没有跨文化的哲学研究方法,哲学追问是无法超越某些局限的。通过解决“自我”问题的西方哲学研究方法与印度佛教的描述之间的对话,我阐述了跨文化哲学研究是如何应对这一问题的。
Philosophy is a thorough questioning, and its task is to question the underlying assumptions of a particular activity, act, or set of beliefs. In doing so, philosophical inquiry must strive to delineate a problem and develop a solution to the problem. However, in order to be faithful to its own purposes, philosophy must be able to explore both the object itself to be questioned and the means by which philosophy can question itself. In order to accomplish this task, it is necessary for philosophy not only to maintain a certain distance from the assumptions it wants to question, but also to maintain a certain distance from the hypotheses of philosophy itself, that is to say, philosophy must be able to challenge its own research methods. This reflexivity requires that any particular philosophical inquiry must be explored from another position of superiority. Since the assumptions to be questioned are deeply rooted in a particular culture, only internal criticism is inadequate. The only way to get out of these pre-determined boundaries of these cultures is to think of a specific problem from another position of cultural philosophical tradition that has an advantage. Therefore, I think that there is no cross-cultural philosophical research methods, philosophical questioning can not go beyond certain limitations. By addressing the dialogue between western philosophical research methods on the “self” issue and the description of Indian Buddhism, I set out how cross-cultural philosophical research addresses this issue.