一、国有企业的本质国有企业（Ｓｔａｔｅｏｗｎｅｄｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅ，简称ＳＯＥＳ）是指国家拥有、经营或控制的生产经营单位。不论在资本主义国家还是社会主义国家都存在国有企业，在各国经济的不同发展时期，国有企业在整个国民经济中所占比重也在变化。在市场经济体 First, the essence of state-owned enterprises State-owned enterprises (Stateownedenterprise, referred to as SOES) refers to the state owned, operated or controlled by the production and operation of the unit. The state-owned enterprises exist in both capitalist and socialist countries. In different periods of economic development in various countries, the share of state-owned enterprises in the entire national economy is also changing. In a market economy