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目前,黑龙江省大部分地区的农道桥的基础主要有摩擦式、墩台式、底梁式、锚固底板式等型式,笔者曾就齐齐哈尔地区的农道桥破坏情况进行过详细调查,其中,1978年～1985年修建的15座摩擦桩式桥,普遍发生桩基础上拔或下沉,造成桥体倾斜现象,不能使用。1980年～1985年修建的8座墩台式桥损坏率也达到100％,破坏情况如同摩擦桩式。1989年～1994年修建的6座底梁式桥,其中桥体倾斜2座,形成锣锅桥3座,完好1座。而只有1990年修建的1座锚固底板式桥没有损坏,经10余年观测,高程无变化。经实践,农道桥多数破坏现象皆为桩基础上拔或下沉、造成桥体倾斜,以至不能使用。笔者现就造成这种现象的原因作如下分析。
At present, most of the main roads in rural areas in Heilongjiang Province are basically friction-type, pier-type, bottom-beam type, anchoring type and so on. The author conducted a detailed investigation on the destruction of the agricultural bridges in Qiqihar area. Among them, 1978 Fifteen friction pile-type bridges constructed from 1985 to 1985 generally cause the pile foundation to be pulled or sunk, resulting in the phenomenon that the bridge body is inclined and can not be used. The damage rate of 8 pier-type bridges constructed from 1980 to 1985 also reached 100%, and the damage condition was the same as the friction pile type. From 1989 to 1994, 6 bottom beam bridges were built, of which 2 were bridge inclined, forming 3 gongqiao, intact one. Only one anchored floor bridge built in 1990 was not damaged. After more than 10 years of observation, the elevation did not change. After practice, most of the destruction of the agricultural bridges are pile foundation or pull the sinking, resulting in inclined bridge, and can not be used. The author is now on the cause of this phenomenon for the following analysis.