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四维地震，即时延三维地震，是近年来发展起来的一项储层开发和管理新技术。该技术研究的是地下储层中流体变化所引起的时延三维地震资料的差异，要求其资料的采集和处理具有重复性或一致性；它与并资料和开发史等资料（例如从开发并中获得的压力、声波和温度等）综合可以十分精确地测量地下反射系数、压力、温度、储层的生产能力和储层流体变化；并通过对泄油路径和剩余油的成像，提高钻井成功率，大大增加油气开采率。四维地震技术并非适用于所有储层，只有孔隙流体和岩石的压实变化大、温度变化大、压力变化大、净超负荷压力小且储层埋深浅，以及储层所有变化的综合效应在给定的地震分辨率范围内存在地震差异时，才能成功地应用四维地震技术。为取得应有的经济效益，四维地震实施应分可行性研究、现场先导试验和油田大规模应用三个阶段进行。目前，四维地震的成功实例都集中在“现场先导试验”阶段。
Four-dimensional seismic, that is, delayed three-dimensional seismic, is a new reservoir development and management technology developed in recent years. This technique investigates the differences in time-dependent 3D seismic data caused by fluid changes in underground reservoirs and requires that their data are collected and processed with repeatability or consistency. It also includes data such as data and development history , Pressure, temperature, reservoir productivity, and reservoir fluid variations can be measured with great accuracy, combined with the imaging of the drainage path and remaining oil to improve drilling success Rate, greatly increase the rate of oil and gas exploration. Four-dimensional seismic technology is not applicable to all reservoirs, but only the large compaction change of pore fluid and rock, large temperature changes, large pressure changes, small net super-load pressure and shallow reservoir depth, and the combined effect of all reservoir changes Four-dimensional seismic technology can be successfully applied when there is an earthquake difference within a given seismic resolution range. In order to obtain due economic benefits, the implementation of 4D seismic should be conducted in three stages: feasibility study, field pilot test and large-scale oilfield application. At present, successful examples of four-dimensional earthquakes are concentrated in the “pilot field pilot stage”.