目的了解湖北钉螺种群结构1年周期内动态变化,为钉螺控制提供科学依据。方法选择河滩、沟渠有螺环境各1处,于每月中旬采用系统抽样法进行连续1年的钉螺调查,调查指标包括钉螺的死活、性别、螺旋数、钉螺体长与体宽、生殖腺发育状况(颜色深浅、生殖腺与肝脏长度的比值),以及土壤螺卵含量。同时,测量土壤温度和湿度,以及收集环境所在地的气温和日降雨量等气象数据。结果钉螺存活率、活螺密度与土壤温度、气温呈正相关。钉螺存活率略呈双峰型,峰值在5~6、9月份;活螺密度河滩环境呈双峰型,峰值在7、9月,而沟渠以4~5月最高。钉螺体长(L)与体宽度(W)回归方程,L_(河滩)=2.355+1.678W(F=2 989.43,P<0.01),而L_(沟渠)=0.478+2.091W(F=2 989.43,P<0.01)。河滩环境钉螺体长在4.07~11.81 mm之间,平均值为(8.98±0.92)mm;沟渠钉螺体长在3.63~9.92 mm之间,平均值为(7.03±0.82)mm。钉螺河滩和沟渠环境钉螺的螺旋数分别以5~8个和4~7个为主,其中河滩环境螺旋数≤5、沟渠环境螺旋数≤4的钉螺构成比分别以5、9月份最高,均为20%左右。河滩、沟渠钉螺雌雄比分别为1.66∶1和1.22∶1。雌雄钉螺的生殖腺发育基本呈同步变化,丰盈期为4~5月和9~10月。土壤螺卵含量月间差异均显著,河滩以6月份最高(100.8个/0.1 m~2),沟渠以5月份最高(82.5个/0.1 m~2)。结论 4-5月和9-10月是钉螺繁殖、世代交替的主要时节,应作为血吸虫病易感地带的钉螺药物灭杀时间节点。 Objective To understand the dynamic changes of snail population structure in 1 year cycle and provide a scientific basis for snail control. Methods One river bank and one ditch conch environment were selected. In the middle of every month, a systematic sampling method was used to investigate the snail for one year in a row. The investigation indexes included snail’s life and death, sex, number of spirals, length and body width of snail, development of gonads (Color depth, gonadal to liver length ratio), and soil spiro egg content. At the same time, the measurement of soil temperature and humidity, as well as the collection of environmental temperature and daily rainfall and other meteorological data. Results Snail survival rate, live spiral density and soil temperature, temperature was positively correlated. Snail survival rate slightly bimodal type, the peak in 5 to 6, September; living snail density beach landscape was bimodal, the peak in July and September, while the ditch in April to May the highest. The regression equation of body length (L) and body width (W) was L_ (riverbank) = 2.355 + 1.678W (F = 2 989.43, P <0.01) while L_ (channel) was 0.478 + 2.091W (F = 2 989.43 , P <0.01). The snail body length of riverbank environment ranged from 4.07 to 11.81 mm with an average of (8.98 ± 0.92) mm. The length of ditch snail body ranged from 3.63 to 9.92 mm with an average of (7.03 ± 0.82) mm. The number of snails in snail banks and ditches was 5 ~ 8 and 4 ~ 7, respectively, of which the ratio of snails in riverbanks ≤5 and ditch environmental spirals ≤4 were the highest in May and September About 20%. Beach, ditch snail male and female ratio were 1.66: 1 and 1.22: 1. Male and female snails reproductive gonadal development was basically synchronous changes, the abundance of 4 to 5 months and 9 to October. There were significant differences in monthly spirulina egg content between the floodplain (100.8 /0.1 m ~ 2) in June and the highest ditches in May (82.5 /0.1 m ~ 2). Conclusion April-May and September-October are the main seasons of snail breeding and alternation from generation to generation, and should be killed as snail drugs in the susceptible area of ​​schistosomiasis.