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目的分析2004-2013年昆明市5岁以下儿童意外死亡构成及变化声势,为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法从昆明市5岁以下儿童死亡监测及妇幼卫生统计年报中收集资料,采用描述性统计和χ2检验对昆明市2004-2013年5岁以下意外死亡情况进行分析。结果意外死亡自2004年起已成为昆明市5岁以下儿童的前3位死因,1~4岁儿童的第1位死因。前5位意外死因是:意外窒息、溺水、交通意外、意外跌落和中毒,其中意外窒息、溺水有性别差异。10年间,意外窒息、溺水死亡率下降明显,交通意外死亡呈波动上升趋势。结论意外死亡是昆明市5岁以下儿童的主要死因,针对主要意外死因进行健康教育能有效降低死亡率,预防儿童意外死亡的发生,需要多学科协作,多部门参与及持续开展健康教育。
Objective To analyze the composition and changes of accidental death among children under 5 years of age in Kunming from 2004 to 2013 and provide the basis for making relevant interventions. Methods Data were collected from the death monitoring and maternal and child health statistics of children under 5 years of age in Kunming. The accidental death under 5 years of age from 2004 to 2013 in Kunming was analyzed by descriptive statistics and χ2 test. Results Accidental deaths have been the first three causes of death among children under 5 years of age in Kunming since 2004, and the first cause of death among children aged 1 to 4 years. The top five causes of death were accidental asphyxiation, drowning, traffic accidents, accidental falls and poisoning, including accidental suffocation and gender differences in drowning. During the 10 years, the accidental suffocation and drowning death rate dropped significantly, and the traffic accident death rate showed a rising trend. Conclusion Accidental death is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age in Kunming. Health education on major causes of death can effectively reduce mortality and prevent accidental deaths in children. Multidisciplinary collaboration, multisectoral participation and continuous health education are needed.