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目的采用中国总膳食研究方法,运用2007年-2014年广东省重金属污染监测工作所采集的各类居民日常食品中的铅、镉检测数据,评估广东省居民膳食中铅、镉的暴露情况。方法测定广东省各市7类重点食品中的铅、镉含量,计算居民铅的暴露边界比和镉的每月摄入量,并以此作为评价标准。结果广东省各类重点食品中铅、镉的总体均值分别为0.104 mg/kg和0.110 mg/kg,超标率分别为5.7%和11.0%,人群中铅的暴露边界比为2.46~140.00;镉的每月摄入量为0.01μg/(kg·bw)~20.90μg/(kg·bw),占镉暂定每月可耐受摄入量的0.04%~83.00%。但粤北地区人群食用大米镉的每月摄入量达到31.2μg/(kg·bw),占镉暂定每月可耐受摄入量的125%。结论广东省各类食品人群的铅、镉摄入量基本处于安全水平,但对于粤北地区的部分食品蕴藏着一定的人群镉暴露风险,值得警惕。
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the exposure of lead and cadmium to dietary intake of Guangdong residents by using the total dietary research method of China and the detection data of lead and cadmium in daily foods of all kinds collected by the heavy metal pollution monitoring in Guangdong Province from 2007 to 2014. Methods The lead and cadmium contents of seven kinds of key foods in different cities of Guangdong Province were determined. The exposure border ratio of cadmium and the monthly intake of cadmium were calculated and used as the evaluation criteria. Results The overall average levels of lead and cadmium in various key foodstuffs in Guangdong Province were 0.104 mg / kg and 0.110 mg / kg, respectively. The over-standard rates were 5.7% and 11.0%, respectively. The lead exposure ratio in population was 2.46-140.00. Cadmium The monthly intake of 0.01μg / (kg · bw) ~ 20.90μg / (kg · bw), accounting for tentative monthly tolerable intake of cadmium 0.04% to 83.00%. However, monthly intake of rice cadmium in Guangdong population reached 31.2μg / (kg · bw), accounting for 125% of the tentative monthly tolerable intake of cadmium. Conclusions The lead and cadmium intake of various food groups in Guangdong are basically at a safe level. However, some foods in northern Guangdong contain a certain cadmium exposure risk, which warrants vigilance.