一、异化和转移理论阐述异化(alienation)是一个哲学、心理学术语,有疏远、不和谐之意,指人与他人、社会、自然、自身等之间产生距离感、冲突对立甚至精神扭曲。作为哲学概念,异化理论的提出根源于柏拉图的古典哲学思想。柏拉图将灵魂分为三个层次:欲望、情感、理性,只有当三者达到平衡时,人才能获得内心的和谐与幸福,否则就会出现异化。转移(Displacement)属于心理学范畴,由精神分析学的创始人西格蒙德·弗洛伊 I. Alienation and Transfer Theory Alienation is a philosophical and psychological term that has the meaning of estrangement and discord. It refers to the sense of distance between people and other people, society, nature, themselves, etc., conflicts and even mental distortions. As a philosophical concept, alienation theory is rooted in Plato’s classical philosophy. Plato divides the soul into three levels: desire, emotion, reason, and only when the three reach equilibrium can one attain inner harmony and happiness, otherwise alienation can occur. Displacement belongs to the category of psychology, by the founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Frey