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作为地理学名词“Karst”一词的诞生地,斯洛文尼亚是世界上喀斯特分布面积最广、最早开展喀斯特与洞穴研究的国家之一。本文通过对斯洛文尼亚的喀斯特与洞穴实地考察,介绍了该国不同类型和成因的喀斯特地貌和洞穴,和久负盛名的旅游洞穴的开发与管理经验,以及该国在喀斯特与洞穴的研究水平、机构组织。作者并认为,尽管从国土面积、人口来看,斯洛文尼亚与中国相比是一个小国家,但其喀斯特分布面积所占国土面积的比例(44%),以及在喀斯特地区所遇到的工农业生产和自然环境问题等与中国西南的喀斯特地区有诸多相似之处,值得两国相互交流和借鉴。
As the birthplace of the term geography “Karst”, Slovenia is one of the countries with the largest karst distribution in the world and the earliest research on karst and caves. Based on the field investigation of karst and caves in Slovenia, this paper introduces the development and management experience of karst caves and caves of different types and causes in the country, as well as the development and management of prestigious tourist caves, as well as the research level and organization of the country in karst and caves. The author also believes that although Slovenia is a small country compared with China by its size and population, its proportion of land area (44%) in the area of karst distribution and the industrial and agricultural production encountered in the karst area And the problems of the natural environment have many similarities with the karst areas in southwestern China and deserve the two countries to exchange and learn from each other.