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国外在评价电影成就问题上,众说纷纭。其中一种最流行的看法是把一切归之于技术。从二次世界大战以后,电影技术方面确实是日新月异,不过这仅仅是一个方面。电影毕竟是一门艺术,它虽然从一诞生就跟近代科学技术分不开,但它终归需要把人的思想、情感、造诣、经验、趣味……贯注进去。这些问题总起来是个真实性问题,电影摄影作为影片组成元素,也不例外。在电影摄影方面,目前国外讨论得较多的是少用灯光、多用自然光,并且要求彩色柔和,避免鲜艳。这不仅在正统的文艺片中,即使在武打片和幻想片中也有这种倾向。1979年美国电影摄影学会提名的五部奥斯卡奖候选影片,几乎都在不同程度上反映了这种趋向。其中阿尔芒都拍摄的《天堂岁月》以摄影突出了主题,真实而质朴,获得了奥斯卡最佳摄影奖。 本文原载1979年6月《美国电影摄影师》杂志。原标题是《<天堂岁月>拍摄记》,译文略有删节,现标题为译者所加。本文作者阿尔芒都生于西班牙,三次被政治流放,一次是从佛朗哥的西班牙,另外两次是从古巴。目前居住法国。他在无声片时代跟许多人拍过片子,五十年代中期和六十年代前期,他还拍过一些实验影片。
Foreign evaluation of film achievements on the issue, different opinions. One of the most popular views is to attribute everything to technology. Since the Second World War, the film technology is indeed changing rapidly, but this is only one aspect. After all, the film is an art. Although it is inseparable from the modern science and technology since it was born, it needs to inject people’s thoughts, emotions, accomplishments, experiences and interests into reality. These questions are always a question of authenticity, and cinematography as an integral part of the film is no exception. In the field of cinematography, the most frequently discussed foreign countries are the lack of lighting, the use of natural light, and the requirement of soft color to avoid bright colors. This is not only true in orthodox literary films, but also in martial arts films and fantasies. Almost all of the five Academy Award-nominated films nominated by the American Society of Motion Pictures in 1979 reflect this trend to varying degrees. One of Armand’s “Paradise Years” highlights the theme of photography, real and simple, won the Oscar for best photography award. This article originally appeared in the June 1979 “American Cinematographer” magazine. The original title is “ Shooting”, the translation is slightly abridged, the title is added by the translator. Armand was born in Spain, three times by political exiles, one from Franco from Spain and the other from Cuba. Currently living in France. He made films with many in the silent film era, and also experimented with experimental films in the mid-1950s and early 1960s.