上海自行车(集团)公司是经市府批准成立最早的大型企业(集团)。近些年来,在改革的浪潮和激烈的竞争中,(集团)曾经受到过四大挑战的严峻考验:一是(集团)体制变化。由于改革需要,“凤凰”、“永久”两家整车厂分别改制成为上市的股份制企业,并实行了计划单列。79％的资产划出,使(集团)的市场抗震性骤然下降;二是企业经济效益明显下降。1993年(集团)内仅剩的8家以生产自行车零件为主的核心层企业,有5家出现了结构性亏损;三是企业负债沉重。由于长期“重整轻零”,导致自行车零件企业设备落后,负债沉重,至1992年末(集团)内企业平均负债率高达74％,发展后劲很弱;四是市场竞争咄咄逼人。(集团)的传统优势明显丧失,市场份额逐步缩小。 Shanghai Bicycle (Group) Company is the earliest large-scale enterprise (group) approved by the municipal government. In recent years, in the wave of reform and fierce competition, the (group) has been severely challenged by four major challenges: First, the (group) system changes. Due to the need for reforms, the “Phoenix” and “Permanent” automakers were reorganized into listed joint-stock companies and implemented separate plans. 79% of the assets were allocated to make the (Group) market’s earthquake resistance suddenly drop; Second, the economic benefits of the company decreased significantly. In 1993 (the group), there were only 8 core companies that mainly produce bicycle parts, and 5 of them had structural losses. Third, the liabilities of the company were heavy. Due to the long-term “restructuring of light and zero”, the equipment companies of bicycle parts lag behind and their liabilities are heavy. By the end of 1992, the average debt ratio of enterprises within the group was as high as 74%, and the development stamina was weak. Fourth, the market competition was aggressive. The traditional advantages of (the group) are obviously lost, and the market share is gradually reduced.