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在模拟精度验证基础上,应用WinEPIC模型长周期定量模拟研究了1980—2009年渭北旱塬连作麦田夏闲期深松、免耕和翻耕等保护性耕作对冬小麦产量和土壤水分的影响.结果表明:在30年模拟研究期间,不同耕作方式下渭北旱塬冬小麦产量和年度耗水量呈波动性下降趋势,深松处理产量和水分利用效率最高,30年平均值分别为3.33 t·hm-2和8.50kg·hm-2·mm-1,其次为翻耕,免耕效果最差;深松处理麦田年度耗水量稍高于免耕和翻耕,冬小麦田0~3 m土层土壤有效含水量呈现强烈的季节性波动降低趋势,免耕处理蓄水保墒效果最好,0~3 m土层土壤有效含水量平均为89.5 mm,深松次之,翻耕最差.麦田0~1 m土层土壤湿度随季节降水呈波动性变化,1~3 m土层土壤湿度较为稳定,不同耕作处理间差异不大.长期连作小麦田深松处理的产量和水分综合效应最好,为渭北旱塬麦田最适宜的保护性耕作模式.
Based on the simulation accuracy verification, the long-period quantitative simulation of WinEPIC model was used to study the effects of tillage, no-tillage and tillage and other tillage on the winter wheat yield and soil moisture during the summer and winter weaned upland in Weibei arid highland from 1980 to 2009. The results showed that during the 30-year simulation study, the winter wheat yield and annual water consumption showed a downward trend under different tillage patterns in Weibei upland. The yield and water use efficiency of the deep-pines were the highest, with 30-year average values being 3.33 t · hm -2 and 8.50kg · hm-2 · mm-1, respectively, followed by tillage with the lowest tillage effect. The annual water consumption of subsoiling treatments was slightly higher than that of no-tillage and tillage. Soil in 0-3 m soil layers The effective water content showed a strong downward trend of seasonal fluctuation, the no-tillage treatment had the best effect of storing water and soil moisture, the average soil effective water content in 0 ~ 3 m soil layer was 89.5 mm, Soil moisture in 1 m soil layer fluctuated with seasonal precipitation, soil moisture in 1 ~ 3 m soil layer was stable, and there was no significant difference among different tillage treatments. The yield and water comprehensive effects of subsoiling in long-term continuous cropping wheat were the best The most suitable mode of conservation tillage in wheat field in Weibei dryland.