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目的分析阳泉市2005~2012年麻疹监测资料,为防控乃至消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法对阳泉市2005~2012年麻疹监测资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2005~2012年阳泉市麻疹监测系统共报告麻疹病例1 207例,年均发病率为31.42/10万~0.08/10万,呈明显下降趋势;发病形式由散发、暴发共存改变为单纯散发;麻疹发病率较高时期有明显季节性,3~7月占病例总数的90.16%~94.30%;随着发病率的下降,近年病例发生在流动人口较多的城区、矿区、郊区;2005~2012年麻疹病例以<15岁年龄组为主,构成比为64.04%,3起暴发疫情中,年龄以6~19岁为主,占83.21%,中、小学生仍为高危人群;病例中尤其是流动人口病例中无免疫史和免疫史不详者比例较高;麻疹监测系统敏感性、特异性考核指标多项不达标。结论阳泉市消除麻疹工作取得明显成效。应继续加强免疫预防措施,提高麻疹监测质量,加强麻疹的防控工作乃至消除麻疹。
Objective To analyze the monitoring data of measles from 2005 to 2012 in Yangquan City and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of measles. Methods Epidemiological analysis of measles surveillance data from 2005 to 2012 in Yangquan city was performed. Results A total of 1 207 measles cases were reported from 2005 to 2012 in Yangquan City. The average annual incidence rate was 31.42 / lakhs to 0.08 / lakhs. There was a marked downward trend. The morbidity was changed from exudes and outbreaks to simply exudes. The incidence of measles was significantly higher in the seasonal period, accounting for 90.16% to 94.30% of the total cases from March to July. As the incidence decreased, recent cases occurred in urban areas, mining areas and suburbs with more floating population. The annual measles cases were mainly in the age group of <15 years old, with a ratio of 64.04%. Of the three outbreaks, the ages were from 6 to 19 years old, accounting for 83.21% of all cases. Middle and primary school students were still at high risk. In particular, There is a high proportion of cases with no history of immunization and unknown history of immunization in the population; many of the indicators of measles surveillance system sensitivity and specificity are not up to standard. Conclusion Yangquan eliminate measles achieved remarkable results. We should continue to strengthen immunization prevention measures, improve the quality of measles surveillance, strengthen the prevention and control of measles and even eliminate measles.