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本文是2006年7月美洲协会和美洲委员会(AS/COA)在评述美洲主要国家能源政策时所作的一份综述。内容涉及已乙醇、“灵活燃料”汽车、成功地出口、提高产量的新方法以及海上石油钻探等方面,本刊摘要译出,供参考。近30年多年来,巴西一直是以甘蔗为基础的乙醇生产和利用的全球领导者,这是一种可以降低石油用量的燃料添加剂。在第一次世界能源危机两年以后,巴西政府执行了乙醇计划,目的是降低对世界能源供应的依赖程度。在1980年代中期,乙醇的利用达到了高峰,当时巴西每年生产的80万辆汽车中,有3/4以上是利用乙醇燃料行驶的。但是,到1990年,糖基燃料供应量的减少使以乙醇为动力的汽车的销售量几乎降低到零。继之,巴西政府又发起了“灵活燃料”汽车计划。自该计划实施之后,“灵活燃料”汽车又重新激发了
This article is an overview of the July 2006 American Society and American Commission (AS / COA) comments on the energy policies of major American countries. It covers the areas of ethanol, flexible fuels, new ways of exporting successfully and boosting production, as well as offshore oil drilling. For almost 30 years Brazil has been a global leader in sugar cane-based ethanol production and utilization, a fuel additive that reduces oil usage. Two years after the first world energy crisis, the Brazilian government implemented an ethanol program aimed at reducing the dependence on the world’s energy supply. Ethanol utilization peaked in the mid-1980s, when more than three-quarters of the 800,000 vehicles produced in Brazil each year were run on ethanol fuel. However, by 1990, the decline in the supply of sugar-based fuels reduced the sales of ethanol-powered vehicles to almost zero. Following this, the Brazilian government has launched a “flexible fuel” car program. Since the implementation of the plan, the “flexible fuel” car has rekindled