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一、引言经过20多年的发展,到现在,世界上已有300多座商用核电站投入运行,积累了2500堆年以上的运行经验。这些总能力近2×10~8kW的核电站投产后,还没有发生过直接死亡事故,总的安全记录与其它工业相比,是非常突出的。这一方面表明,现代核电安全是建立在可信赖的技术基础上的,另一方面,也正是因为核电工业与其他工业相比,国际上从来就是管得最严格的工业之一。但是,即使如此,也还是发生过比较严重的美国三里岛2号(TMI-2)核电站事故,引起了国际社会与公众对核电安全的严重关注。
I. INTRODUCTION After more than 20 years of development, up to now, more than 300 commercial nuclear power plants have been put into operation in the world and accumulated more than 2,500 reactor-years of operating experience. These nuclear power plants with a total capacity of nearly 2 × 10 ~ 8kW have not had a direct death accident since their start-up. The total safety record is very prominent compared with other industries. On the one hand, it shows that the security of modern nuclear power is based on credible technologies. On the other hand, it is precisely because the nuclear power industry has always been one of the most stringent industries in the world in comparison with other industries. However, even then, the relatively serious TMI-2 nuclear accident occurred, which aroused serious concern about nuclear power safety in the world community and the public.