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目的了解镉作业工人的职业危害状况。方法对江苏省某镍镉电池生产企业进行职业卫生学调查,并对镉作业工人进行尿镉水平检测。结果个体采样的8个含镉作业岗位空气中镉及其化合物时间加权平均浓度(TWA)有6个岗位超过职业卫生接触限值。1 177名镉作业工人中有18例尿镉水平超标。尿镉超标工人所在岗位空气中镉及其化合物短时间接触浓度(STEL)与时间加权平均浓度(TWA)均超过国家标准限值。不同工龄镉作业工人尿镉水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论企业应降低工作场所空气中镉的浓度,减少作业工人的接触时间,将镉对人体的损害降到最低。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards of cadmium workers. Methods Occupational hygiene investigation was conducted on a nickel-cadmium battery manufacturing enterprise in Jiangsu Province, and urine cadmium levels of cadmium-exposed workers were measured. RESULTS: Eight cadmium-containing job-specific air-time cadmium and its compounds in the air sampled at six locations exceeded the occupational hygiene exposure limit for six jobs. 18 out of 1,177 cadmium workers exceeded their urinary cadmium levels. The concentration of cadmium and its compounds in short-term exposure air (STEL) and time-weighted average concentration (TWA) in the posts of workers with excessive urinary cadmium exceeded the national standard limits. There was significant difference in urinary cadmium levels among cadmium workers at different ages (P <0.05). Conclusion Enterprises should reduce the concentration of cadmium in the air of the workplace, reduce the contact time of workers and minimize the damage of cadmium to the human body.