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印第安人作为北美大陆上的土著少数族裔,受历史条件和美国联邦政策等各种因素的综合影响在经济上长期处于贫困状态。博彩业于20世纪70年代在印第安人保留地内迅速发展起来,很大程度上改变了部落的社会政治经济状况。为了更好地履行对博彩活动的监管职责以及协调因发展博彩业而引起的部落和各州之间的争议,国会制定了《印第安博彩业规制法》作为部落博彩业的法律基础的和规制准则。通过考察这一立法规范及其司法适用,不难发现其实际上遵循了“分类规制和重点规制相结合”以及“联邦主导,部落和州配合”的原则,对部落博彩业具体运营的各个方面都进行了有效地规制。
As Indigenous minorities on the North American continent, Indians are permanently economically impoverished by the combined effects of historical conditions and U.S. federal policy. The rapid development of the gaming industry in Indian reservation in the 1970s greatly changed the social, political and economic conditions of the tribe. In order to better fulfill its regulatory responsibilities for gaming activities and to coordinate disputes between tribes and states resulting from the development of the gaming industry, Congress established the Indian Gambling Regulation Act as the legal basis and regulatory guidelines for the tribal gaming industry. By examining the norms of this legislation and its judicial application, it is not difficult to find that it actually followed the principle of “combination of classification regulation and key regulation” and “federation-led, tribal and state cooperation” All aspects of operations are effectively regulated.