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人诺如病毒(Human Norovirus,HNoV)是单链正股RNA病毒,属于杯状病毒科诺如病毒属,是引起非细菌性急性胃肠炎的主要病原.近几十年来,GⅡ.4基因型诺如病毒是全球最主要的流行基因型,而GⅡ.17基因型很少报道.2013年以来,GⅡ.17基因型诺如病毒引起的感染增多,并在我国及日本等亚洲国家和地区引起暴发流行.研究显示此次GⅡ.17基因型诺如病毒的暴发流行是因其基因进化形成新的变异株导致,变异株在衣壳区P2结构域发生的突变导致其抗原性及组织血型抗原结合特性发生了重要变化.本文主要通过回顾GⅡ.17基因型诺如病毒的相关研究文献,对其流行及进化特征进行了综述.“,”Human Norovirus(HNoV)is a member of the Norovirus(NoV) which belongs to the family Caliciviridae.It has a positive-sense,single-stranded RNA genome and is a major pathogen of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis.In recent decades,the genotype of GⅡ.4 norovirus (NoV GⅡ.4) is the world's major epidemic genotype,and NoV GⅡ.17 is rarely reported.However,the infections of NoV GⅡ.17 had increased in China,Japan and other Asian countries and regions since 2013.It even caused many outbreaks.Studies had shown that the outbreaks of NoV GⅡ.17 were due to the emergement of the new NoV GⅡ.17 variant formed by the evolution of its genes.The mutation occurred in the capsid region of P2 domain of the NoV GⅡ.17 led to the changes of antigenicity and binding characteristics of Histo blood group antigens.In this paper,we reviewed the related literatures of NoV GⅡ.17,and summarized its epidemic and evolutionary characteristics.