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从目前国有企业股份制试点情况看,按产权主体划分,国有企业股份制类型主要有三种:一是法人持股的股份制企业;二是企业内部职工持股的股份制企业;三是向社会公开发行股票,产权主体多元化的股份制企业。前两种类型的股份制企业分布较为广泛,第三种类型的股份制企业,目前限定在广州、福建、海南、上海、深圳等省市试点。现在有一种比较流行的观点认为,向社会公开发行股票并公开上市的股份制形式,技术难度大,操作复杂,容易造成社会影响,而企业内部职工持股的股份制形式操作简便,适应面宽。因此,企业内部职工持股的股份制形式应当作为我国股份制企业的主体。我们认为这种观点值得商榷,尤其是不能把企业内部职工持股的股份制形式作为国有企业股份制的主体。本文着重对国有企业内部职工持股的股份制形式进行较深入的分析。
Judging from the current state-owned enterprise joint stock system pilot status, there are mainly three types of joint-stock enterprises of state-owned enterprises according to their ownership: one is a joint-stock company with legal persons holding shares; the other is a joint-stock enterprise where the company’s internal employees hold shares; and the third is public issuance of shares to the public. Diversified joint-stock companies with property rights. The first two types of joint-stock companies are more widely distributed. The third type of joint-stock companies is currently limited to pilot projects in provinces and cities such as Guangzhou, Fujian, Hainan, Shanghai and Shenzhen. At present, there is a popular view that the public offering of shares to the public and the publicly listed shareholding system are technically difficult, complicated to operate, and likely to have social impacts. The shareholding system of employees holding shares within the enterprise is easy to operate and adaptable. Therefore, the form of joint-stock holding by employees within the enterprise should be the main body of the joint-stock enterprises in China. We believe that this view is debatable. In particular, it is impossible to regard the shareholding system of employees within the enterprise as the main body of the state-owned enterprise shareholding system. This article focuses on a more in-depth analysis of the stock-holding system of the state-owned enterprise employees.