供应链管理的实质就是在资源约束的条件下管理好“需”与“供”的平衡,更为有效地了解和掌握需求及其变化,并利用自己手中的资源以及整合其他方的资源,以最低的成本、最大限度地对已知的需求进行供给,来满足需求,实现供与需的最佳匹配和资源的最佳配置。在供应链上,存储与采购是实现供需管理中非常重要的业务环节,是利用与整合资源的关键手段。储存是供应链上物流体系中唯一的静态环节,与之紧密关联的业务指标是库存量。企业为了保证日常业务的稳定运行,随时能为市场和客户提供满意的产品与服务,必须备有一定的库存来调节和缓解供与需在时间和空间上的矛盾。因此,人们常说:运输提高了商品的空间效用,而库存则在时间与空间上都创造了商品的效用。然而,由于库存不仅要占用资金,还要配备仓库、设 The essence of supply chain management is to balance well-managed “need” and “supply” under the condition of resource constraints, to understand and master needs and changes more effectively, and to use resources in their own hands and integrate other parties. The resources are provided at the lowest cost and with the greatest possible supply of known needs to meet the needs, to achieve the best match between supply and demand and the optimal allocation of resources. In the supply chain, storage and procurement is a very important business link in realizing supply and demand management, and is a key means of utilizing and integrating resources. Storage is the only static link in the logistics system on the supply chain, and the business indicator closely related to it is inventory. In order to ensure the stable operation of daily business, the company can provide satisfactory products and services for the market and customers at any time. It must have a certain amount of inventory to adjust and ease the contradiction between supply and demand in terms of time and space. Therefore, people often say: transport improves the space utility of goods, and inventory creates the utility of goods in both time and space. However, because inventory needs to not only occupy funds, it is also equipped with warehouses and facilities.