食管癌是我国常见恶性肿瘤之一,而手术治疗是食管癌综合治疗的主要方式。由于手术切除病变的食管后需对消化道进行吻合重建,因此吻合口瘘成为食管癌术后常见且较为严重的并发症。现本文对食管癌术后吻合口瘘的病因、临床表现、诊断、治疗、预防等多方面进行综述。食管癌手术以胃代替食管为主,亦有以结肠、空肠等其他器官代替食管者。手术涉及胸腔、腹腔甚至颈部,创伤较大,术后并发症较多,其中由于手术切除病变的食管后需对消化道进行吻合重建, Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in our country, and surgical treatment is the main method of esophageal cancer comprehensive treatment. Due to surgical resection of the esophagus after esophageal reconstruction of the anastomosis, so anastomotic fistula esophageal cancer become a common and more serious complications. This article summarizes the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and other aspects of anastomotic fistula after esophageal cancer surgery. Esophageal cancer surgery to replace the esophagus-based, but also to colon, jejunum and other organs instead of esophageal. Surgery involving the chest, abdominal and even the neck, trauma, postoperative complications are more, which due to surgical resection of the esophagus need to reconstruct the gastrointestinal tract,