论文部分内容阅读
品种改良与新品种推广是提高作物产量的重要途径。然而,在生产实践中,新品种能否被农民选用受制于许多因素。为明确中国北方春大豆区、黄淮海夏大豆区和南方多作大豆区农民采用大豆新品种的影响因素,国家大豆产业技术体系于2008-2010年,在上述三个大豆主产区共22个省份,对农民的受教育水平、务农时间长短、家庭人口数量等社会经济特征以及他们对大豆新品种性状的了解情况进行了调查。在此基础上,本文采用二元Logit模型分析了影响农民大豆品种选择的主要因素。结果显示:北方春大豆区、黄淮海夏大豆区和南方多作大豆区受访农户的新品种采用率分别是99.45%、93.40%和37.55%;在北方春大豆区和黄淮海夏大豆区,农民对改良品种的高产、稳产、抗倒和抗病性等特点的认可程度超过地方品种,而在南方地区,农民对地方品种的稳产、抗病、抗逆、加工品质、熟期、株高等品种特点认可度更高;在北方春大豆区,从事农业生产年限和非农劳动力数量是影响农民选择改良品种的主要因素,而在黄淮海夏大豆区和南方多作大豆区,除了农户的社会经济特征以及高产目标外,影响农民选择改良品种的主要因素分别是早熟和抗倒性。研究结果可为分区制定区域品种选育和推广策略,推动中国大豆生产发展提供依据。
Variety improvement and promotion of new varieties are important ways to increase crop yield. However, in the production practice, whether the new breed can be selected by farmers is subject to many factors. In order to clarify the factors influencing the adoption of new soybean varieties by farmers in the spring soybean area in northern China, the Huang-Huai-Hai summer soybean region and the southern soybean-soybean region, the national soybean technology system in 2008-2010 had a total of 22 The provinces investigated the socio-economic characteristics of peasants, such as the level of their education, the length of farming and the number of their families, and their understanding of the traits of new varieties of soybean. On this basis, this paper uses the binary Logit model to analyze the main factors affecting the selection of peasants’ soybean varieties. The results showed that the adoption rates of new varieties in the northern spring soybean area, the Huang-Huai-Hai summer soybean area and the southern multiple cropping soybean area were 99.45%, 93.40% and 37.55% respectively. In the northern spring soybean area and the Huang-Huai-Hai summer soybean area, Farmers’ acceptance of improved varieties of high yield, stable yield, lodging and disease resistance and other characteristics more than the local varieties, and in southern areas, farmers on the stability of local varieties, disease resistance, resistance, processing quality, maturity, plant height In the northern spring soybean area, the number of years of agricultural production and non-agricultural labor force is the main factor affecting the farmers to choose improved varieties, and in the Huanghuaihai summer soybean area and the southern part of the soybean area, in addition to the social Economic characteristics and high-yielding targets, the main factors influencing farmers to choose improved varieties are precocity and lodging resistance respectively. The results can provide a basis for the development of regional varieties breeding and promotion strategies in the sub-regions and promote the development of soybean production in China.