麻疹是由麻疹病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病,在人口密度大且未普遍接种含麻疹成分疫苗(Measles-containing Vaccine,MCV)的地区易发生比较大的流行。无并发症的麻疹在皮疹出现后不久即康复,但10%~40%的麻疹患者会出现并发症,且并发症几乎涉及每个器官和系统,严重危害人类健康~([1])。安徽省自1997年开始加速麻疹控制工作,麻疹发病率显著下降,麻疹病例以散发为主,但 Measles is an acute respiratory infection caused by the measles virus and is more prevalent in areas where population density is high and measles-containing vaccines (MCV) are not commonly inoculated. Complicated measles is recovered shortly after the rash appears, but 10% to 40% of measles patients develop complications and the complications involve almost every organ and system, seriously damaging human health (1). In Anhui Province, measles control has been accelerated since 1997, the incidence of measles has dropped significantly, and cases of measles have been distributed mainly