波罗的海目前状况不太好,如过量的营养负荷、气候变化、捕捞过度、有毒和其它有害物质和非本地入侵物种等环境问题正在威胁其生态系统机能与生物多样性,以及人类对海洋自然资源的可持续利用。波罗的海的天然特性使得它尤为脆弱。波罗的海是一个盐度波动范围很大而海洋多样性相对较低的盐水盆地。由于它水浅且半封闭,使原本应流入海洋的流域营养物滞留在波罗的海达数十年,或在水体中,或埋藏在沉积物里。波罗的海分层严重,导致高有机淀积条件下海底氧的损耗,进而这又使得养分从沉积物中释入水体,最终引起机 The Baltic Sea is not doing well at present. Environmental problems such as excessive nutrition load, climate change, overfishing, poisonous and other harmful substances and non-indigenous invasive species are threatening their ecosystem functions and biological diversity as well as human beings’ Sustainable use. The natural characteristics of the Baltic make it particularly vulnerable. The Baltic Sea is a saltwater basin with a wide range of salinity fluctuations and relatively low marine diversity. Because of its shallow and semi-closed nature, watershed nutrients that should have flowed into the sea remain in the Baltic for decades, in water bodies, or in sediments. Severe layering of the Baltic Sea leads to oxygen depletion of the sea floor under high organic deposition conditions, which in turn causes nutrients to release into the body of water from the sediments,