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摘 要：在法国作家福楼拜的现实主义名著《包法利夫人》中，作者塑造了许多栩栩如生的人物形象，这些人物形象在法国文学史里已经成为经典。通过对他们的描写与刻画，作者深刻地揭露了黑暗的社会现实。
关键词：现实主义；包法利夫人；艾玛
Abstract: Madame Bovary was a famous realistic novel of France by Gustave Flaubert, in which the writer created lots of vivid classical figure images in the history of literature. By way of portraying so many classical images, Flaubert disclosed the darkness of social reality.
Key Words: realism; Madame Bovary; Emma
PartⅠIntroduction
Madame Bovary, published in the year of 1856, was a famous classical realistic novel by Gustave Flaubert of France. With an exquisite and concise tone, he portrayed a vivid social life in the middle of the 19th century.
The novel depicts the tragic life of Emma. When she stepped into her adulthood, her father married her to a town surgeon Charles Bovary. Emma was frustrated and disappointed at her marital life. Gradually, Emma began to long for the luxurious and extravagant life of the upper and middle-class and to look down upon the unchangeable and monotonous life in the small town they lived. In order to get rid of Emma’s depression, Charles moved their home to Yonville, where she came across Rodolphe, who was a local landlord and familiar with the dissipated life in Paris. Rodolphe seduced Emma and made her become his lover. Rodolphe was just playing the game with her, which gave Emma a great blow in spirit. After a short time, Emma met with Leon who was a probationer. During their first acquaintance, Leon had expressed his affections for Emma; naturally, their meeting again gave a golden opportunity for Leon to court Emma. The life of Emma was so sumptuous and debauched that she fell into debt deeply, which caused the savings and property of Charles flew out into loan sharks from the hands of Emma, and the worst condition at such moment was that Leon did not love Emma any more. Under the intimidation from loan sharks, Emma had no choice but to commit suicide by poison.
Part Ⅲ
Emma, a tragedy of the bourgeoisie, was not a bad woman although she was full of romantic love fancy in her brain and admired an extravagant and luxurious life. The reason for Emma’s tragic fate lies in the constricted, secluded and despicable social society. Flaubert took great efforts to portrait the course of Emma’s degeneration, making the novel have giant strength to disclose the dirty social reality.
First, the book pictured the poisonous effect on Emma by the negative romantic literature, being popularized in religious education and society. With the purpose of jostling into upper and middle society, most girls from the bourgeoisie family in the first half of the 19th century would receive a period of education aiming at cultivating dispositions and restricting thoughts, which, in the most people’s eyes, would lay solid foundation for their later social intercourse. As for Emma, she was influenced deeply by the religious sermon and music, which had penetrated into her fantastic heart so much so that her suppressed feelings erupted violently by the way of her indulgence in the fantasy of love. During her staying in abbey, once more she read popularized romantic literature works. Also the mediocrity and decadence in social reality accelerated the pace of Emma’s corruption on minds. Yearning for a better and excellent love, Emma married with Charles. Charles’ mean capability brought no bright prospects to Emma’s yearning for romantic love. Emma began her social education at Duke’s family ball, where she had an opportunity to get contact with many so-called upper-class people seeking pleasures often; Surrounded by the atmosphere of degeneration in Yonville, Emma could not stand her dull and monotonous daily life and was tortured by the yearning for luxurious life violently. In such a condition, Rodolphe took the opportunity to seduce Emma and brought her to a way of degeneration. Flaubert criticized the social reality through many plots, attributing the degeneration of Emma to the unhealthy religious life, cultural life, monotonous rural life and dissolute social customs, and he thought that it was the bourgeoisie society rather than Emma who was immoral. Through the veil of the so-called bourgeoisie civilization, the writer looked through the loathsome outcome of degeneration of bourgeoisie’s thought, criticizing severely those who sang high praise for the superiority of bourgeoisie’s morality, which evinces the novel’s serious and solemn moral stand and sound significance in thought. Flaubert continued to condemn and criticize the dirty society which brought Emma to the abyss of destruction, and he revealed the darkness of society harshly by his portray of Emma’s tragic death. All of this has deepened the significance of disclosing society. What’s the most sarcastic is that Emma became a toy of the others in the course of her pursuit of happiness; she fell into debt because of loaning much money to furnish her desires so much so that the lone shark cheated lots money from her; and even the lawyer whom Emma turned to for help took advantage of her misfortune to do her harm. The degeneration of Emma was caused by society; also it was the society that brought her to death. Emma was just a representative woman, who was living and tortured in the harsh and callous capitalist society. As Flaubert had said, “There are twenty Madame Bovary alike in 20 villages weeping and sobbing at such a moment”. Flaubert expresses great sympathy on Emma’s tragic life. At the end of the novel, the author pictured out that after the weak and feeble Emma was destroyed by society, she was still censured by others, but those despicable such as Rodolphe and Leon who were responsible for Emma’s death were content with their life and promoted step by step. The sharp contrast of their fates illustrated the great indignation conveyed by the author to the dark and sordid society.
Madame Bovary was one masterpiece of realism in the middle of the 19th century in France, in which various persons of bourgeoisie were depicted vividly and carefully. For example, Homais, a representative of bourgeoisie, was a pharmacist without license, while ran his store successfully by practice fraud. He used all kinds of illegal means to fabricate false certificates, which made him to be one of members of scientific institutions and commissions. Although he knew little about medical science, Homais wanted to cure a blind man in the hope of becoming a famous person; when he found that it was impossible for him to cure the blind man, he considered the blind man his enemy and stumbling block; in order to get rid of the trouble brought by the blind man, Homais utilized all kinds of mean ways to attack the blind man in newspaper so much so that he put the blind man into collecting post at last forever. Homais was good at self-glorification in the name of democratic personage; he named one his son Napoleon which stands for glory, the other Franklin which stands for freedom, and the reason was that he wanted to evince him to be an enlightened person in politics. Homais was such a despicable person that he was awarded prize at last, which exposed the extremely darkness of the capitalist society, and it portrayed vividly the characteristics of the bourgeoisie in France at that time.
In addition to depicting the despicable upper-class personage of landlord and bourgeoisie, Gustave Flaubert also described and created those who were mediocre and run-of-the-mill in reality. Charles, as an insensitive and unfeeling surgeon, was content with his present life; he was so mediocre and means in life that Emma said, “His talks are as dull as the pedestrian in the street”. He knew little about himself, but he wanted to become a famous surgeon in the world when he was instigated by Homais. It was ridiculous for him to cure an inn assistant lame in one leg in the hope of healing the assistant completely with his poor medical skills, only to amputate the lame leg after the patient was tortured heavily. When Charles found the illegal relationship among Emma, Leon and Rodolphe after Emma’s death, he became angry and then swallowed the insult. During his final days, he was down on his luck. Another mediocre man depicted was Binet, who was a colonel of the National Guard. He was so void and barren in spirit that he stayed at home all day long to shave his rotating bed to kill time.
The two kinds of people in the novel, despicable or mediocre, were considered to be the flower in that society in France. Through the vivid description of the activities of the so-called noble men, from many aspects and perspectives Gustave Flaubert condemned and criticized severely the darkness of the society in those times in France, disclosing the degeneration of the bourgeoisie.
Part Ⅳ Conclusion
In a word, Madame Bovary was a famous realistic works with high technique of realism, which was a vivid mirror of social reality in France and can help us to know more about France.
Bibliography
(1). Gustave Flaubert. Madame Bovary. [M] translated by Gerard Hopkins Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1994
(2). Wu Yuetian. The developmental history of France Novels [M].
Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2004
(3). Gustave Flaubert. Madame Bovary [M]. Translated by Xu Yanchong Nanjin: Foreign Language Press, 2005
作者介绍：卢玉娜（1979--），女，广西南宁人，兴义民族师范学院外语系讲师，硕士研究生，主要从事英语语言文学教学及研究。
关键词：现实主义；包法利夫人；艾玛
Abstract: Madame Bovary was a famous realistic novel of France by Gustave Flaubert, in which the writer created lots of vivid classical figure images in the history of literature. By way of portraying so many classical images, Flaubert disclosed the darkness of social reality.
Key Words: realism; Madame Bovary; Emma
PartⅠIntroduction
Madame Bovary, published in the year of 1856, was a famous classical realistic novel by Gustave Flaubert of France. With an exquisite and concise tone, he portrayed a vivid social life in the middle of the 19th century.
The novel depicts the tragic life of Emma. When she stepped into her adulthood, her father married her to a town surgeon Charles Bovary. Emma was frustrated and disappointed at her marital life. Gradually, Emma began to long for the luxurious and extravagant life of the upper and middle-class and to look down upon the unchangeable and monotonous life in the small town they lived. In order to get rid of Emma’s depression, Charles moved their home to Yonville, where she came across Rodolphe, who was a local landlord and familiar with the dissipated life in Paris. Rodolphe seduced Emma and made her become his lover. Rodolphe was just playing the game with her, which gave Emma a great blow in spirit. After a short time, Emma met with Leon who was a probationer. During their first acquaintance, Leon had expressed his affections for Emma; naturally, their meeting again gave a golden opportunity for Leon to court Emma. The life of Emma was so sumptuous and debauched that she fell into debt deeply, which caused the savings and property of Charles flew out into loan sharks from the hands of Emma, and the worst condition at such moment was that Leon did not love Emma any more. Under the intimidation from loan sharks, Emma had no choice but to commit suicide by poison.
Part Ⅲ
Emma, a tragedy of the bourgeoisie, was not a bad woman although she was full of romantic love fancy in her brain and admired an extravagant and luxurious life. The reason for Emma’s tragic fate lies in the constricted, secluded and despicable social society. Flaubert took great efforts to portrait the course of Emma’s degeneration, making the novel have giant strength to disclose the dirty social reality.
First, the book pictured the poisonous effect on Emma by the negative romantic literature, being popularized in religious education and society. With the purpose of jostling into upper and middle society, most girls from the bourgeoisie family in the first half of the 19th century would receive a period of education aiming at cultivating dispositions and restricting thoughts, which, in the most people’s eyes, would lay solid foundation for their later social intercourse. As for Emma, she was influenced deeply by the religious sermon and music, which had penetrated into her fantastic heart so much so that her suppressed feelings erupted violently by the way of her indulgence in the fantasy of love. During her staying in abbey, once more she read popularized romantic literature works. Also the mediocrity and decadence in social reality accelerated the pace of Emma’s corruption on minds. Yearning for a better and excellent love, Emma married with Charles. Charles’ mean capability brought no bright prospects to Emma’s yearning for romantic love. Emma began her social education at Duke’s family ball, where she had an opportunity to get contact with many so-called upper-class people seeking pleasures often; Surrounded by the atmosphere of degeneration in Yonville, Emma could not stand her dull and monotonous daily life and was tortured by the yearning for luxurious life violently. In such a condition, Rodolphe took the opportunity to seduce Emma and brought her to a way of degeneration. Flaubert criticized the social reality through many plots, attributing the degeneration of Emma to the unhealthy religious life, cultural life, monotonous rural life and dissolute social customs, and he thought that it was the bourgeoisie society rather than Emma who was immoral. Through the veil of the so-called bourgeoisie civilization, the writer looked through the loathsome outcome of degeneration of bourgeoisie’s thought, criticizing severely those who sang high praise for the superiority of bourgeoisie’s morality, which evinces the novel’s serious and solemn moral stand and sound significance in thought. Flaubert continued to condemn and criticize the dirty society which brought Emma to the abyss of destruction, and he revealed the darkness of society harshly by his portray of Emma’s tragic death. All of this has deepened the significance of disclosing society. What’s the most sarcastic is that Emma became a toy of the others in the course of her pursuit of happiness; she fell into debt because of loaning much money to furnish her desires so much so that the lone shark cheated lots money from her; and even the lawyer whom Emma turned to for help took advantage of her misfortune to do her harm. The degeneration of Emma was caused by society; also it was the society that brought her to death. Emma was just a representative woman, who was living and tortured in the harsh and callous capitalist society. As Flaubert had said, “There are twenty Madame Bovary alike in 20 villages weeping and sobbing at such a moment”. Flaubert expresses great sympathy on Emma’s tragic life. At the end of the novel, the author pictured out that after the weak and feeble Emma was destroyed by society, she was still censured by others, but those despicable such as Rodolphe and Leon who were responsible for Emma’s death were content with their life and promoted step by step. The sharp contrast of their fates illustrated the great indignation conveyed by the author to the dark and sordid society.
Madame Bovary was one masterpiece of realism in the middle of the 19th century in France, in which various persons of bourgeoisie were depicted vividly and carefully. For example, Homais, a representative of bourgeoisie, was a pharmacist without license, while ran his store successfully by practice fraud. He used all kinds of illegal means to fabricate false certificates, which made him to be one of members of scientific institutions and commissions. Although he knew little about medical science, Homais wanted to cure a blind man in the hope of becoming a famous person; when he found that it was impossible for him to cure the blind man, he considered the blind man his enemy and stumbling block; in order to get rid of the trouble brought by the blind man, Homais utilized all kinds of mean ways to attack the blind man in newspaper so much so that he put the blind man into collecting post at last forever. Homais was good at self-glorification in the name of democratic personage; he named one his son Napoleon which stands for glory, the other Franklin which stands for freedom, and the reason was that he wanted to evince him to be an enlightened person in politics. Homais was such a despicable person that he was awarded prize at last, which exposed the extremely darkness of the capitalist society, and it portrayed vividly the characteristics of the bourgeoisie in France at that time.
In addition to depicting the despicable upper-class personage of landlord and bourgeoisie, Gustave Flaubert also described and created those who were mediocre and run-of-the-mill in reality. Charles, as an insensitive and unfeeling surgeon, was content with his present life; he was so mediocre and means in life that Emma said, “His talks are as dull as the pedestrian in the street”. He knew little about himself, but he wanted to become a famous surgeon in the world when he was instigated by Homais. It was ridiculous for him to cure an inn assistant lame in one leg in the hope of healing the assistant completely with his poor medical skills, only to amputate the lame leg after the patient was tortured heavily. When Charles found the illegal relationship among Emma, Leon and Rodolphe after Emma’s death, he became angry and then swallowed the insult. During his final days, he was down on his luck. Another mediocre man depicted was Binet, who was a colonel of the National Guard. He was so void and barren in spirit that he stayed at home all day long to shave his rotating bed to kill time.
The two kinds of people in the novel, despicable or mediocre, were considered to be the flower in that society in France. Through the vivid description of the activities of the so-called noble men, from many aspects and perspectives Gustave Flaubert condemned and criticized severely the darkness of the society in those times in France, disclosing the degeneration of the bourgeoisie.
Part Ⅳ Conclusion
In a word, Madame Bovary was a famous realistic works with high technique of realism, which was a vivid mirror of social reality in France and can help us to know more about France.
Bibliography
(1). Gustave Flaubert. Madame Bovary. [M] translated by Gerard Hopkins Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1994
(2). Wu Yuetian. The developmental history of France Novels [M].
Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2004
(3). Gustave Flaubert. Madame Bovary [M]. Translated by Xu Yanchong Nanjin: Foreign Language Press, 2005
作者介绍：卢玉娜（1979--），女，广西南宁人，兴义民族师范学院外语系讲师，硕士研究生，主要从事英语语言文学教学及研究。