一、引言人口众多是我国的基本国情。人,具有生产者和消费者双重身份,既是消费社会产品的“人口”,也是创造社会财富的“人手”。人多是一种优势,如果不开发则是一种劣势,关键在于如何把劣势变为优势。世界银行有关人士在对我国进行考察后指出:“中国经济前景将取决于能否成功地调动和有效地使用一切资源,特别是人力资源”。联合国科教文组织总干事马约尔1988年9月访华前也指出:“一个国家的 I. Introduction The large population is the basic national condition of our country. People, both producers and consumers, are not only the “population” of consumer products, but also the “manpower” for creating social wealth. Many people are an advantage, if you do not develop it is a disadvantage, the key is how to make the disadvantage into advantage. After examining our country, relevant people from the World Bank pointed out: “China’s economic prospects will depend on the successful mobilization and effective use of all resources, especially human resources.” Prior to his visit to China in September 1988, UNESCO’s Director General Maolol also pointed out: "The