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为了探索包膜控释尿素土壤氨挥发损失规律特征和提高肥料氮素利用率,采用小麦玉米轮作田间试验,通过与普通尿素进行对比,运用土壤氨挥发原位测定方法——通气法系统研究了硫包膜和树脂包膜控释尿素的施用对小麦玉米轮作农田土壤氨挥发的影响。研究结果表明:在两种施氮量水平下(210 kg/hm2和300 kg/hm2),与普通尿素相比,硫包膜和树脂包膜控释尿素在小麦基肥期、小麦追肥期和玉米施肥期的施用均减少了土壤氨挥发的累积损失量,分别达35.1%—54.3%、59.6%—75.2%、65.6%—98.1%;有效降低了土壤氨挥发通量峰值且延迟其出现时间3—8 d,并能延缓土壤氨挥发主要阶段的时间分别为4—12 d、5—12 d。在小麦玉米轮作周年中,控释尿素土壤氨挥发累积损失量为28.39—43.35 kg/hm2,土壤氨挥发损失率为4.48%—5.63%,控释尿素时段土壤氨挥发通量比普通尿素降低了51.0%—70.8%;且树脂包膜控释尿素的施用降低小麦玉米轮作农田土壤氨挥发的效果优于硫包膜控释尿素。
In order to explore the regularity of ammonia volatilization loss of coated controlled-release urea soil and increase the nitrogen utilization rate of fertilizer, wheat-corn rotation was used as a field experiment. Compared with common urea, soil ammonia volatilization in situ determination method-aeration system was used to study Effect of Sulfur - coated and Resin Coated Controlled - release Urea on Ammonia Volatilization from Farmland Soilsed with Wheat and Maize. The results showed that compared with common urea, the sulfur-coated and resin-coated urea controlled release of urea at the two nitrogen application rates (210 kg / hm2 and 300 kg / hm2) The cumulative loss of soil ammonia volatilization decreased by 35.1% -54.3%, 59.6% -75.2% and 65.6% -98.1% respectively during the fertilization period, and effectively reduced the peak of ammonia volatilization flux and delayed the appearance time of ammonia volatilization -8 d, and can delay the main stages of soil ammonia volatilization for 4-12 d, 5-12 d. In wheat and corn rotation, the cumulative ammonia volatilization loss of controlled release urea was 28.39-43.35 kg / hm2, and the rate of soil ammonia volatilization loss was 4.48% -5.63%. The ammonia volatilization flux of controlled release urea was lower than that of ordinary urea 51.0% -70.8%. The application of resin-coated controlled-release urea to reduce ammonia volatilization in wheat-crop rotation field was better than that of sulfur-coated controlled release urea.