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出血是许多疾病的一种临床表现,有时来势迅猛,常常措手不及。凡是由于血管因素,血小板量或质的异常以及血液凝固障碍等而引起大出血或出血不止者,从而出现危及生命的现象称为出血危象。临床上以后二者为常见,分述于后。一、血小板量与质的异常:血小板在止血过程中的作用极为重要,它具有保持血管内皮完整,使毛细血管脆性降低,抗力增加。通过粘附、聚集和释放反应,血小板在伤口处形成白色血小板血栓,可暂时堵塞伤口,再在外源性及内源性凝血系统作用与红细胞参与下进一步形成红色血栓,堵塞伤口而止血。血小板参与止血的过程(见图)。
Bleeding is a clinical manifestation of many diseases, sometimes fast and often by surprise. All due to vascular factors, the amount of platelets or quality abnormalities and blood clotting disorders caused by bleeding or bleeding more than that, resulting in life-threatening phenomenon known as the bleeding crisis. After the two clinically common, divided in the post. First, the platelet volume and quality of abnormalities: the role of platelets in the process of hemostasis is extremely important, it has to maintain the integrity of the vascular endothelial, so that reduced capillary fragility, increased resistance. Through the adhesion, aggregation and release of the reaction, the formation of white platelet thrombosis in the wound platelets can temporarily block the wound, and then in the exogenous and endogenous coagulation system and the involvement of red blood cells to further the formation of red thrombus, clogging the wound and stop bleeding. Platelet involved in the process of hemostasis (see photo).