未矫正的屈光不正是全世界导致视力残疾的首位原因。近视在人群中的患病率高,近视确切的发病机制尚未肯定,但是遗传因素在近视、特别是高度近视发生发展中具有重要作用已经得到较为一致的公认。分子生物学技术的进步发现了多个高度近视的候选基因位点,包括蛋白质类基因、酶类基因、细胞因子类基因和转录因子类基因,本文针对目前已发现的近视相关致病基因展开综述。 Uncorrected refractive errors are the number one cause of vision disabilities in the world. The prevalence of myopia in the crowd is high, the exact pathogenesis of myopia is not yet sure, but the genetic factors in the development of myopia, especially high myopia has been more consistent recognition. Advances in molecular biology have identified a number of high myopic candidate loci including proteinaceous, enzymatic, cytokine and transcriptional factor genes. In this review, we review the currently identified myopathic causative genes .