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目的了解国内外急性颅脑损伤病人的营养支持,并就如何做到避免、减少感染并发症的发生作适当分析。资料与方法所借助的专业数据库:Medline、万方数据库数字化期刊、清华同方CHKD期刊全文库。在比较、归纳有关内容的基础上进行分析。结果共搜索到论著6篇,专题研究5篇,专题讲座8篇,相关报道13篇。急性颅脑损伤患者的营养支持途径主要为经胃肠外营养(PN)、全肠外营养(TPN)和胃肠内营养(EN)。在急性颅脑损伤早期进行营养支持已达成共识,但如何安排肠外营养与肠内营养的使用,一直有不同的主张。结论肠内营养支持比肠外营养支持更可以避免、减少本类病人因营养支持导致感染并发症的发生;对于本类病人进行营养支持可分为两阶段:第一阶段肠外营养支持与肠内营养支持同时进行,待脑损伤病情稳定后过渡到第二阶段全胃肠内营养支持。
Objective To understand the nutritional support of patients with acute craniocerebral injury at home and abroad and to make appropriate analysis on how to avoid and reduce the incidence of infection complications. Data and methods with the help of professional databases: Medline, Wanfang database digital periodicals, Tsinghua Tongfang CHKD periodicals full-text library. In the comparison, summarize the content based on the analysis. Results A total of 6 papers, 5 thematic studies, 8 lectures and 13 related articles were searched. Nutritional support for acute craniocerebral injury in patients mainly through the parenteral nutrition (PN), total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and gastrointestinal nutrition (EN). There has been consensus on nutritional support in the early stages of acute craniocerebral injury, but there have been different claims on how to arrange parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition. Conclusions Enteral nutrition support is more avoidable than parenteral nutrition support, reducing the incidence of infection complications caused by nutritional support in this group of patients. Nutritional support for this class of patients can be divided into two stages: the first stage of parenteral nutrition support and intestine Endogenous nutrition support at the same time, until the brain injury after the transition to the second phase of total gastrointestinal nutrition support.