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目的评价8个寄生虫病综合防治示范区停止干预措施后,土源性线虫病的控制现状。方法在2009年综合防治措施停止后,于2011-2015年的9-11月调查贵州省开阳县、海南省屯昌县、江西省贵溪市、安徽省桐城市、湖南省岳阳县、云南省祥云县、广西壮族自治区容县和四川省丹棱县等8个示范区的人群土源性线虫感染率、健康知识知晓率、无害化厕所和自来水普及情况,对不同时间、地区、性别、年龄、虫种等的人群土源性线虫感染率进行χ~2检验。结果2011-2015年,8个示范区人群土源性线虫总感染率分别为6.1%(490/8 005)、5.8%(474/8 146)、5.5%(447/8 066)、5.8%(477/8 164)和4.0%(305/7 688),其中钩虫(Ancylostoma sp.)的感染率由3.8%(303/8 005)降至2.3%(177/7 688)(P<0.05),蛔虫(Ascaris lumbricoides)感染率由1.6%(125/8 005)降至1.0%(78/7 688)(P<0.05),鞭虫(Trichuris trichiura)感染率由1.1%(84/8 005)降至0.3%(24/7 688)(P<0.05)。8个示范区中,海南屯昌示范区的土源性线虫感染率在2011-2015年均最高,分别为19.2%(195/1 015)、19.7%(209/1 063)、20.6%(215/1 046)、22.6%(235/1 038)和11.2%(114/1 022)。5~9岁年龄组的蛔虫感染率在2011-2014年均最高,分别为2.9%(23/797)、2.4%(17/698)、2.0%(16/800)、1.2%(9/735);60岁以上年龄组的钩虫感染率在2011-2015年均最高,分别为6.2%(76/1 231)、5.1%(67/1 328)、6.0%(88/1 476)、6.2%(118/1 894)、2.7%(54/2 032)。男性土源性线虫感染率为5.5%(1 090/19 805),女性为5.3%(1 050/19 904),两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2011-2015年,人群卫生知识行为问卷合格率分别为93.2%(1 129/1 211)、94.9%(1 142/1 203)、94.1%(1 134/1 205)、92.3%(973/1 054)和94.9%(854/900)。自来水普及率由2011年的33.2%(187/564)上升至2015年的59.4%(209/352);无害化厕所普及率由2011年的71.3%(402/564)上升至2015年的77.3%(272/352)。结论2009年示范区综合防治措施停止后,防治效果仍然维持在有效控制状态,表明原先的措施取得了可持续的效果。
Objective To evaluate the status quo of control of soil-borne nematodes after stopping interventions in 8 comprehensive prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases. Methods After the prevention and control measures were stopped in 2009 and 2009-9, Kaiyang County in Guizhou Province, Tunchang County in Hainan Province, Guixi City in Jiangxi Province, Tongcheng City in Anhui Province, Yueyang County in Hunan Province and Yunnan Province of Xiangyun County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Rong County and Sichuan Province Danleng County population of eight samples of soil-borne nematode infection rate, awareness of health knowledge, harmless toilets and tap water popularization of different time, region, gender , Age, insects and other populations of soil-borne nematode infection rate χ ~ 2 test. Results From 2011 to 2015, the total infection rates of soil-borne nematodes in 8 demonstration areas were 6.1% (490/8 005), 5.8% (474/8 146), 5.5% (447/8 066), 5.8% 477/8 164) and 4.0% (305/7 688) respectively. The infection rate of Ancylostoma sp. Decreased from 3.8% (303/8 005) to 2.3% (177/7 688) (P <0.05) The infection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides decreased from 1.6% (125/8 005) to 1.0% (78/7 688) (P <0.05). The infection rate of Trichuris trichiura decreased from 1.1% (84/8 005) To 0.3% (24/7 688) (P <0.05). Among 8 demonstration areas, the infection rate of soil-borne nematodes in Tunchang demonstration area in Hainan was the highest from 2011 to 2015, which was 19.2% (195/1 015), 19.7% (209/1 063) and 20.6% (215) respectively / 1 046), 22.6% (235/1 038) and 11.2% (114/1 022). The infection rate of Ascaris in the 5-9 year-old group was the highest in 2011-2014, 2.9% (23/797), 2.4% (17/698), 2.0% (16/800), 1.2% (9/735) ). The prevalence of hookworm infection in the age group over 60 was the highest in 2011-2015, with 6.2% (76/1 231), 5.1% (67/1 328), 6.0% (88/1 476), 6.2% (118/1 894), 2.7% (54/2 032). The prevalence of soil-borne nematodes in men was 5.5% (1090/19805) and 5.3% (1050/19904) in women, with no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). From 2011 to 2015, the passing rate of the questionnaire on population health knowledge was 93.2% (1 129/1 211), 94.9% (1 142/1 203), 94.1% (1 134/1 205) and 92.3% (973/1 054) and 94.9% (854/900). The popularization rate of tap water increased from 33.2% (187/564) in 2011 to 59.4% (209/352) in 2015; the penetration rate of sound toilets increased from 71.3% (402/564) in 2011 to 77.3 % (272/352). Conclusion After the comprehensive prevention and control measures in the demonstration area in 2009 were stopped, the control effect was still under effective control, indicating that the previous measures achieved a sustainable effect.