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目的了解微生物催化法生产丙烯酸项目的职业病危害因素及其危害程度,探讨该类项目职业病危害的关键控制部位和岗位,为用人单位制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查、职业病危害因素检测、职业健康监护等方法对微生物催化法生产丙烯酸项目存在的职业病危害进行调查分析。结果该类项目存在的职业病危害因素有丙烯腈、盐酸、氢氧化钠、丙烯酰胺、噪声等。企业在产生职业病危害因素的工作场所设置了职业病防护设施,为作业工人配备了必需的个人防护用品。对各种职业病危害因素的职业卫生检测结果中,盐酸、氢氧化钠的检测合格率为100%,丙烯腈和丙烯酰胺的检测合格率均在90%以上,噪声的测量合格率为71.42%;水合釜空气中的丙烯腈、结晶釜空气中的丙烯酰胺的浓度及动力车间的动力巡检工和晶体包装工所接触的噪声强度不符合国家职业接触限值的要求。结论该项目主要存在丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺和噪声等职业病危害因素,应高度重视。与此同时,企业应加强职业卫生管理、职业病防护和职业健康监护方面的工作,以确保劳动者的职业健康。
OBJECTIVE To understand the occupational hazards and their harmfulness in the production of acrylic acid by the method of microbial biocatalysis, discuss the key control positions and positions of occupational hazards in this project and provide a scientific basis for employing units to formulate control strategies. Methods Investigate and analyze the occupational hazards existing in the production of acrylic acid by microbial catalysis by on-the-spot investigation, occupational disease hazard testing and occupational health monitoring. Results The occupational hazards that exist in such projects include acrylonitrile, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, acrylamide, noise and so on. The enterprise has set up occupational disease protection facilities in the workplaces where occupational disease hazards occur, and provides the workers with the necessary personal protective equipment. Occupational health test results of various occupational hazards, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide test pass rate of 100%, acrylonitrile and acrylamide test pass rate of 90% or more, the noise measurement of 71.42% pass rate; The concentration of acrylamide in the air of the hydration kettle, the concentration of acrylamide in the air of the crystallizer, and the noise intensity of the power inspector and the crystal package worker in the power plant do not meet the requirements of the national occupational exposure limits. Conclusion The project mainly includes occupational hazards such as acrylonitrile, acrylamide and noise, which should be given high priority. In the meantime, enterprises should step up efforts in occupational health management, occupational disease protection and occupational health monitoring to ensure the occupational health of workers.