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[目的]总结科学发现偶然性的概念、组成、典型支撑技术和应用,分析相关研究面临的挑战和发展方向.[文献范围]在Microsoft Academic、Google Scholar等平台中对相关关键词(如“serendipity”“novelty”“diversity”等)进行检索,经筛选后共引用102篇文献.[方法]回顾不同场景下科学研究中的偶然发现,探讨科学发现偶然性的概念,对相关支撑工具以及应用进行分类总结.[结果]支持偶然发现的工具有助于科学研究;目前偶然发现没有统一定义,如何评估科学发现的偶然性仍具有困难.[局限]影响科学发现的偶然性因素复杂,已有的研究分析尚不全面.[结论]科学研究中的偶然发现有助于科学进步,但探索科学发现的偶然性仍面临着缺少度量标准、难于控制等一系列挑战.“,”[Objective]This paper summarizes the components and definitions of serendipity,reviews representative supporting technologies and applications of serendipity in science,and discusses challenges and future directions in this field.[Coverage]We searched relevant keywords such as “serendipity”,“novelty” and “diversity” in research repositories such as Microsoft Academic and Google Scholar.A total of 102 well-selected references are finally cited.[Methods]We reviewed serendipitous discoveries in various scenarios,and discussed the concept of serendipity in the context of science.Relevant tools and applications are categorized.[Results]The tools that support serendipity are conducive to scientific research.However,there is no uniform definition of serendipity,thus making it difficult to measure serendipity in science.[Limitations]The factors affecting serendipity in science are complex,and yet to be explored.[Conclusions]Serendipity is one of the indispensable factors for scientific advances.However,many challenges are facing the exploration of serendipity in science,such as lack of metrics and difficulty to control.