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综观各个国家高技术产业的发展,高新技术产业发展的空间集聚的特征凸现,且已形成了一个全球化浪潮下的高技术地方集聚成群的亮丽景象。这些经验表明,地方产业集群(Iocal industriaclusters)或地方企业集群(Iocal clusters of enterprises)(以下简称集群)正在推动着世界各地的经济增长。全球经济中,一国欲获得竞争优势,不能只靠本国的全球性大企业,更重要的是那些在扎根于国土上的中小企业集群。在竞争日趋激烈的全球经济中,企业需要建立密切的伙伴关系。通过伙伴关系的建立,促进信息流动和创造性思维的传递,使企业获得竞争优势。由客商、供应商、竞争者,以及诸如大学、专业学校、顾问团、政府等支持性机构所构成的集群会降低成本和促进创新。不论是发达国家还是发展中国家,都鲜明地体现了这一特点,如美国的硅谷、英国的剑桥、法国的索菲亚、印度的班加罗尔等高技术产业集群。
Looking at the development of high-tech industries in various countries, the characteristics of the spatial agglomeration of high-tech industries have been highlighted, and a beautiful scene of clustering of high-tech places under the tide of globalization has been formed. These experiences show that Iocal industriaclusters or Iocal clusters of enterprises (hereafter referred to as clusters) are driving economic growth around the world. In the global economy, for a country to gain a competitive advantage, it can not rely solely on its own global large-scale enterprises, but more importantly on the clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises rooted in its territory. In an increasingly competitive global economy, businesses need to build close partnerships. Through the establishment of partnerships, the flow of information and the transmission of creative thinking are promoted so that enterprises can gain a competitive advantage. Clusters of merchants, suppliers, competitors, and supportive institutions such as universities, professional schools, advisory boards, governments and others can reduce costs and foster innovation. Both the developed and the developing countries embody this distinctive feature, such as the Silicon Valley in the United States, Cambridge in the United Kingdom, Sofia in France, Bangalore in India and other high-tech industrial clusters.