社会主义和谐社会是以公平正义为核心价值理念的社会。新形势下如何运用马克思历史唯物主义的观点,重新定位公平与效率的关系,落实十六届五中全会提出的“更加注重社会公平”的精神,是本文力求说明的问题。从分析公平与效率的含义出发定位公平与效率的关系,并提出了构建和谐社会必须注重公平。 Socialist harmonious society is a society based on the principle of fairness and justice. Under the new situation, how to use Marxist historical materialism, repositioning the relationship between fairness and efficiency, and implementing the spirit of “paying more attention to social fairness” put forward by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee are the problems that this paper tries to make clear. From the point of analyzing the meaning of fairness and efficiency, this paper defines the relationship between fairness and efficiency and puts forward that we must pay attention to fairness in building a harmonious society.