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目的探讨某农林大学新生心理健康的变迁状况,为有效开展大学生心理健康教育提供参考。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对某高等农林院校2010—2014年44 699名新生采用症状自评量(SCL-90)进行测评。结果 2010—2014年新生的SCL-90总分、总均分及各因子分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);该校近5 a的新生心理健康水平高于全国大学生常模(t=-198.959~-73.973,P值均<0.01);每年的咨询人数中新生所占百分比呈现上升趋势,但经2013年后有所下降;人际关系、家庭问题和成长困惑是历年新生咨询求助的主要类型,恋爱问题和职业发展方面的问题也是新生求助的重点;新生中男生心理健康水平优于女生(P<0.01)。结论该校新生心理健康总体水平较好,变迁状况总体较为平稳,但呈逐年下降的趋势,新生心理健康问题差异程度和心理问题求助率逐渐增加。构建全方位的心理健康教育管理体系十分必要。
Objective To explore the changes of psychological health of freshmen in an agricultural and forestry university and to provide reference for the effective development of mental health education among college students. Methods By cluster sampling method, 44 699 freshmen from 2010-2014 in a higher agricultural and forestry colleges and universities were assessed with SCL-90. Results The scores of SCL-90 score, total score and factor scores of freshmen in 2010-2014 were all significantly different (all P <0.01). The freshmen’s psychological health level in the past 5 years was higher than that of national students (t = -198.959 ~ -73.973, P <0.01). The percentage of new students in counseling per year showed an upward trend but declined after 2013. Interpersonal relationships, family problems and confusion in growth were the number of newborn counselors The main types of help, love problems and career development issues are also the focus of freshmen’s help; freshmen boys mental health level is better than girls (P <0.01). Conclusion The overall mental health of freshmen is good, and the changes are generally stable. However, the changes are decreasing year by year. The degree of mental health problems and the rate of seeking psychological problems are increasing gradually. It is necessary to construct a comprehensive psychological health education management system.